Do-it-yourself foundation on a slope with a large height difference

Foundation on a slope: subtypes of strip foundations and installation.

In mountainous areas, as well as on hilly plains, when building a house, it is often necessary to lay a columnar or strip foundation on a slope. For stone and concrete residential buildings, the second option is most often used, which, in turn, is divided into subtypes. Below we will learn how such a base is made, and also, as additional material, watch the video in this article.

How to make a strip foundation on a slope.

Strip foundation of a house on a slope

Construction of a foundation on a slope: what tools and materials will be needed?

View of a built foundation on a slope
If the future owner of a house plans to build a foundation with his own hands, then he should carefully study the list of tools and materials that will be useful in such work. Here they are:

Cement
Crushed stone
Sand
Boards
Armature
Concrete mixer
Waterproofing materials
Wood blocks
Laser level
Buckets
Vibratory Tamping Devices
Roulette
Master OK
Concrete mixer
Plumb
Shovel
Durable cord
Wire for tying reinforcing bars
Chainsaw or hacksaw
Screwdriver and hammer

Direct installation of the foundation using the listed tools is carried out using standard technologies. That is, first geodetic surveys are carried out, the area is cleared of various debris, stones and grass, then markings are made on it, a trench is dug (for a strip foundation) or a pit (for a combined pile-strip foundation). Next, a sand cushion is formed at the bottom of the pit, compacted well, and formwork is then installed on it for pouring concrete. It should be noted that the formwork must have good strength, there should be no weak points in it, and for this purpose the soil is strengthened with spacer elements. Very often, it takes much more time to create formwork than to pour the foundation of the house itself.

Foundations and their arrangement.

How to make a foundation on a slope.
House on a pile foundation on a slope.

For the construction of residential and industrial buildings, four main types of foundations are used: pile, strip, slab and columnar.

But for slopes it is much more convenient to use the last three options. The fact is that when laying a slab foundation on a slope, you need to make a flat area and for this you will have to either pour soil or dig it out, which is very troublesome and expensive.

We will draw your attention to the various devices of strip foundations, which are suitable for the construction of any light or heavy structures.

Subtypes of strip foundations.

All strip foundations on slopes and plains can be divided into monolithic (made of reinforced concrete) and prefabricated (made of various blocks, bricks or stones). The first device is the most popular as it is the most durable and does not require long installation times, while brick or stone masonry is a rather labor-intensive process.

In addition, masonry will not be able to last as long as reinforced concrete, because there is a statement that the process of hardening of cement mortar occurs within 49 years, and for the next 49 years the concrete returns to its original state.

In addition, strip foundations can be buried or shallow, but this parameter is determined by the instructions, which correspond to the lowest freezing point of the soil. If a trench is dug above this point, it is considered shallow, and below this point, it is considered deep.
But the shallow option is suitable only for stable, non-heaving soils, and for heaving and man-made soils, deepening is used for any weight of the building.
The general structure of the foundation on a slope remains virtually unchanged, with the exception of its upper part, which will protrude to a greater extent above the ground.

In any case, the bottom of the trench must be strictly horizontal and a sand or concrete cushion is placed on it. For the upper part, you install the formwork yourself in exactly the same way, only on the slope it will turn out to be higher.

Calculation of right angle.

Advice. If you do not have a theodolite, then the right angle for marking the perimeter can be calculated using a regular tape measure. To do this, hammer a wooden or metal peg in the right place and tie two threads to it - one for 3 and the other for 4 meters. If you spread their ends exactly 5m apart, the resulting angle will be exactly 90⁰.

Trench for filling.

Now we will learn how to fill the base on a slope. And first of all, you need to mark the outer perimeter and all partitions that require a base of this type.

The width of the trench must be no less than the thickness of the wall that will be located on it, and if the foundation turns out to be wider than the wall, this will not in any way reduce the structural qualities of the building. If the slope in the area is small, then the bottom of the trench can be made at the same level, but in no case under a slope, because this will create conditions for displacement.

You cannot build a foundation near a pit.
Stepped foundation on a slope.

It happens that it becomes necessary to build a house on a strong slope, and then it may turn out that the bottom of the trench at the beginning will be more than a meter deeper, and this means additional costs plus an increase in labor intensity. Therefore, in such cases, the foundation is made in steps, but always with a strictly horizontal base, so that there are no preconditions for shifting.

Reinforcement of strip foundation.

For prefabricated foundations, stepped arrangement does not present any particular difficulty, but for a monolithic concrete structure, reinforcement is required. The difficulty here is that the frame must be solid, and the steps will prevent this. Therefore, it is better to knit it not separately, but in a trench.
The lower bearings will be laid separately on each step, and the vertical lintels should rise almost to the top level of the foundation. Therefore, it will be necessary to add two more levels of carriers - in the middle and at the top, thus obtaining a rigid structure.

Advice. When pouring the frame with concrete, the distance of the reinforcement to the outer wall must be at least 5 cm, so as not to create conditions for corrosion and rust. The sand cushion (sole) should be watered generously so that the sand settles and does not sag during use. It is much more difficult to achieve such a result using tamping.

As you understand, building a foundation on a slope is somewhat more difficult than on a flat plane and this requires additional work. Also, on strong slopes, it is recommended not only to have a stepped foundation, but also to build the house itself in cascades (also find out how to make a non-buried strip foundation).

Monolithic slab on a slope - when to use

A monolithic slab for a foundation on a slope is installed if a basement is required. The peculiarity of its laying is the fact that it must crash into the ground. In this case, take the lowest point of the marked area and cut off the remaining layers of soil at its level.

In addition to the possibility of constructing a basement, the advantages of a monolithic slab on a slope include:

high load-bearing capacity;
ease of filling;
stability on problematic soils.

But this option will cost much more than installing piles.

Construction of a foundation on a site with a slope.

Columnar strip foundation made on a slope.
Ideally level sites for building houses are quite rare; a new plot allocated for development may be marked by holes, slopes, and elevation changes.
But if relatively minor errors can be leveled out and filled in with a little work and expense, then on a site with a large slope, building a house requires more serious efforts.

Which foundation is more suitable?

Before choosing a suitable foundation, you need to know that foundation equipment technologies are used exactly the same as for relatively flat areas.

The foundation on a slope is based on the same tape, piles or pillars.

The specific option is chosen based on the slope angle and soil density.

A strip foundation on a slope is installed in areas where the slope angle is small.

In other cases, installing a strip foundation will be quite expensive.

Stepped foundation

The strip foundation is arranged in the form of a stepped structure. By arranging a stepped foundation, you can avoid expensive excavation work. In this case, the strip foundation is arranged in the form of steps that rest on certain terraces.

A columnar foundation will be suitable for flat or steep slope relief without any problems, but under each column it will be necessary to build a support wall; it increases the resistance of the foundation to lateral deformation.

Without supporting walls, the pillars can slide down. But this wall is not a guarantee of the strength of a columnar foundation; in this regard, an expensive strip foundation is more reliable.

For houses built on a slope, a foundation on stilts is ideal. Piles allow you to build a foundation at any depth and even on the steepest slope.

Wooden house on stilts

A columnar foundation on a slope is not suitable for building a brick house, but is only suitable for building wooden or frame houses.

Ordinary piles are produced in lengths from 6 to 8 meters.

The longest large piles range from 10 to 12 meters in length.

This means that the height difference from the shortest to the longest is approximately 10 meters, and this allows you to build a foundation even on a 45-degree slope.

The only drawback of a pile foundation is its low load-bearing capacity. Such a foundation can support a wooden and block house, but no more.

Features of laying a foundation on a slope.

The first significant difficulties arise at the stage of laying the foundation. A pedestal for a strong and reliable house must also be solid, not collapse under the influence of groundwater and not be subject to soil shedding. These problems significantly complicate the strengthening of the subwall on slopes.

However, if you correctly calculate your material capabilities, technical characteristics, type of soil and choose the right type of foundation, then a house beautifully built on a hillside will delight the owners with its advantages: beautiful landscapes from the windows; the ability to equip a house, a garage, and a bathhouse in one room; wonderful natural landscape.

To strengthen a building on a slope, the following types of foundation are most often used:

tape stepped;
pile;
columnar.

The design of any of these types of pedestals has a number of advantages and disadvantages, so there can be no clear advice on which one to choose. It all depends on the specific location and the capabilities of the owner of the territory.

A slab foundation is not used on a site with a slope, as it requires a very large scale of excavation and strengthening work to level the site.

In this video you can watch step-by-step instructions for building a foundation on a slope.

Recommendations for constructing different types of foundations on a slope with your own hands

If you have construction skills and a budget deficit for construction, then you can do the work of installing the foundation yourself. With correct calculations and an accurate understanding of the characteristics of the soil and slope, a foundation made with one’s own hands will last for decades.

First you need to determine what type of foundation will be most appropriate for construction, then you should calculate the entire volume of building materials and begin work.

Modern construction is carried out using new technologies and materials. Before you begin installing the foundation of the house, you should read the literature and find out about them. Now, along with metal, fiberglass reinforcement is used for the foundation. It is not subject to destruction from contact with water and has a number of other advantages.

Also in the construction literature you should read topics about whether insulation is needed for the foundation and whether reinforcement for the foundation can be welded. This information will be very useful for those new to construction and more experienced craftsmen.

It is important to remember that the installation of a monolithic foundation slab is made in formwork, consisting of a bottom and sides.

To increase the strength of the pile foundation, it is necessary to make a frame for the foundation from reinforcement. The piles themselves are also reinforced. You need to understand how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation. In many ways, the strength of the structure depends precisely on the rigidity of the reinforcing mesh used.

Strip foundation on a slope.

A strip foundation is the most common type of foundation being erected during the construction of buildings, which is constructed independently. It can also be poured on a slope, but the following nuance must be taken into account: the height of the base at its lowest point should not exceed four times its width. The steeper the slope, the higher the base will be, the wider it should be, and the greater the cost of formwork and concreting.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

Construction of a foundation structure on a site with a slope.

The relative simplicity of constructing this type of subwall can be considered an advantage. With little expense, this type of foundation can be built on a site with a slight slope, for a garage or a foundation for a bathhouse. With a significant steep slope, such a device will be associated with significant difficulties.

high costs for formwork and pouring: already a meter high foundation for a house will lead to an almost double increase in construction costs;
a significant amount of excavation work;
Shallow structures are very difficult to use, and sometimes simply impossible.

These costs are justified if high poured walls are planned to be used to equip a workshop, garage, or bathhouse in the basement. In this case, space and money are saved for the construction of these or other utility rooms.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

Scheme for building a strip foundation on a site with a slope.

Features of the construction of a straight strip foundation on a slope:

Part of the slope for the top of the subwall is cut off exactly at a right angle and a retaining wall is built, which will be the upper part of the perimeter of the future base.
The formwork is installed in the usual way. the lower part of which, by the difference in height, is horizontally leveled with the retaining wall.
Laying reinforcement and pouring concrete is no different from a similar process on level ground.
About a month is allotted for the foundation to completely harden and shrink, after which a support embankment is built along the slope under the lower wall to level out the difference in heights.

Construction of a strip foundation on a slope

The base in the form of a concrete strip is very popular among private developers, due to its ease of construction and low costs. However, the construction of a strip foundation on a site with a slope should be approached with special responsibility.

Like any construction process, the construction of a foundation takes place in several stages.

Site planning

At the first stage, it is necessary to draw up a detailed plan of the construction site, located on the slope of a hill, and indicate the location of the future foundation. The main task is to determine the lowest point of the soil, since it will determine the depth of the strip foundation. The estimated height of the foundation is measured down from this point and about half a meter is added to the bed of sand and crushed stone. When planning, it should be taken into account that along the entire length the base tape should lie at the same level, and its upper part should rise slightly above the ground level.

Ways to reduce the slope of a site

In most cases, a site on a slope requires some reduction in the height difference, and the degree of complexity of the work depends on the magnitude of the slope.

A slight slope, not exceeding 3%, does not require complex work; to do this, it is enough to add soil in the right places and strengthen it with silicates.

A slope of up to 8% can be leveled by backfilling the strip base with soil that rises from the foothills.

Differences of up to 10% are considered problematic, but in this case you can build a basement floor by placing it directly on the slope.

If the steepness of the slope exceeds 10%, then the construction of structures to protect against landslides is required in such an area.

Excavation

Digging a trench is one of the main stages of building a foundation on a slope, but it is where the whole process begins. At this stage, it is necessary to accurately follow the calculations performed, especially those relating to the depth of the foundation. This is explained by the fact that this parameter will be different on different segments.

Construction of formwork

The presence of height differences on the site somewhat complicates the construction of formwork, since regardless of the degree of slope, the upper part of the base must be strictly horizontal. For this reason, the formwork at the lowest point of the slope will be significantly higher than at the highest point. Another important point is choosing the right board for formwork.

Making formwork

At the bottom of the prepared trench, be sure to make a cushion of sand and crushed stone, and each layer is well compacted. The height of the pillow should be about 0.2 meters.

Foundation reinforcement

A strip base on a slope requires a reinforced reinforcing belt, for the manufacture of which steel rods are used. Neglect of this stage causes deformation of the foundation and, as a consequence, destruction of the entire structure.

Creation of a drainage system

To ensure effective drainage of moisture away from your foundation and home, you need an excellent drainage system. However, it is not recommended to carry out this step on your own, as special research is required. Therefore, the creation of a drainage system should be carried out by an experienced specialist.

Pouring concrete

The foundation on a slope must be poured in one go to prevent delamination of the concrete mass during the drying process, which can lead to rapid destruction of the base.

The poured concrete solution is carefully compacted using a special device, which allows air bubbles to be removed. The finished foundation is left for about a month with proper care, so that the solution completely dries and hardens.

Stepped foundation on a slope.

For buildings on slopes with a significant degree, it is easier and more economical to use a stepped strip foundation. A stepped foundation, unlike a straight one, does not have an even perimeter, but is arranged in ledges in some variations:

The upper part is straight, the steps are in the lower part, at the base of the hill;
The upper part and, accordingly, the walls are mounted in a stepped manner, and the lower part is poured as a simple strip foundation;
The steps are located along the entire length; the walls of the house will also be stepped.

If the first method is the simplest option and is possible for self-filling, then the second and third have a complex formwork structure and require certain engineering knowledge and skills.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

The complexity of a strip stepped foundation is aggravated by the fact that the reinforcement for pouring also needs to be laid in steps, but the cost of formwork and pouring is significantly reduced, and there is much less excavation work compared to direct work. The construction of this type of foundation for a house can be combined with general terracing and landscaping on the site.

It is also possible to place outbuildings in the basement with this type of construction, but only in the lower sectors. The upper part of the house is used more for living quarters.

How to calculate the foundation when building on a slope

Before starting to dig a pit on a slope for a foundation, it is necessary to conduct a geodetic study of the area designated for this purpose. Information obtained from these studies will help determine how severe the elevation changes are. With this information, it will be easy to determine how high the formwork should be and what depth will be preferable for the foundation pit. Measurements are taken in the longitudinal direction along the entire length of the tape. At the preparation stage, you should also consider temporary protection from wastewater generated by precipitation, because it can flood the trenches. For this purpose, a temporary ditch or earthen rampart is constructed on the hilly top of the area chosen for the construction of the foundation and house.

It is also advisable to determine the width of the foundation base. In no case should its value exceed the permissible parameters of the specific pressure on the cushion placed under the foundation of the house and the soil. Actually, based on this width, trenches of the required size are then dug.

A sand backfill is then made at the bottom of the pit, the thickness of which should be 15-20 cm. It should be thoroughly compacted, watered abundantly. A waterproofing layer in the form of rolls is laid on top of the backfill, and then wooden formwork is installed. It should be noted here that the height of the formwork will be variable due to the slope. In the lower part the formwork will be higher in height than in the upper part.

It is best to entrust the calculation of a strip foundation for construction on a slope to a professional craftsman. The fact is that to carry out such work you will need to collect certain information on the location and level of groundwater, as well as on the type of soil. There is also a need to carry out other important measurements. Such preparatory work in the construction industry is called engineering-geological surveys. It is not possible to make foundation calculations without them.

The results of the research must provide builders with answers to the following questions:

What is the depth of soil freezing?
What characteristics does the soil on the site have?
What is the groundwater level?
What is the type of soil in the selected area?

Based on these characteristics, it is possible to determine the profitability of constructing a strip foundation on a slope. Also, construction specialists, based on the information provided by the research, will be able to find out what the degree of soil shrinkage will be, whether there is a risk of serious subsidence of the new building, whether it is necessary to use piles (and if so, what their number should be).

Calculating a foundation on a slope has its own characteristics. Thus, geodetic studies are carried out only by specialized engineers, since only they will be able to take into account all the characteristics of the soil on the site allocated for construction. The average person may simply overlook important factors (such as dynamic or constant loads on the soil). Incorrectly performed engineering and geodetic studies will lead to a significant reduction in the service life of the new building.

Pile foundation.

If placing a bathhouse and other utility rooms under the same roof as the house is not essential, you should pay attention to a pile foundation. This variety is the most successful option for sloping areas.

Labor-intensive and costly excavation work is reduced to a minimum.

Preparing to pour the foundation on a slope.
Excavation work in preparation for pouring the foundation on a slope.

The threat of building destruction when the top layers of soil crumble is prevented - the piles reach the deep layers of the soil.
The construction will also not be threatened by stormwater and groundwater - a problem for all areas on slopes.
In areas with heavy soil types and high soil freezing, a pile foundation remains the only correct solution for the construction of reliable and durable structures.
Pile foundations can be used for any type of building - from light country wooden houses to heavy and tall structures.

Pile structures differ in various parameters: by the method of immersion, by bearing loads, by the shape of the section, by the type of base.

Depending on the need for strengthening, pile foundations come in several types:

The pile foundation around the perimeter of the house, combined with a strip foundation, is an extended structure along the entire length of the perimeter.

House on a pile foundation on a slope.
Diagram of the installation of a pile foundation on a site with a slope.

Single piles are used to support individual elements, such as columns.
Pile bush - piles are concentrated to strengthen one, most difficult area. For example, a house fits into a slope at three corners, and the fourth needs to be supported by a support.
On a site with a slope, the most common use is a pile field, when the structures are located under the entire area of the future building.

A necessary element for constructing a foundation using piles is a grillage. These are structures that connect piles. They can be monolithic or prefabricated.

Depending on the type of soil and the required degree of strengthening, piles can be laid in one of several ways:

Driving reinforced concrete, metal or wooden structures into the ground. Excavation work is excluded here altogether;

House on a pile foundation on a slope.
Construction of a pile foundation on a slope.

Pouring concrete mixtures and installing reinforced concrete pillars requires minor work in the ground, which consists of preparing trenches;
Screwing in screw piles using special equipment. Excavation of the earth layer is also not required.

Construction of the foundation for a house on stilts comes down to the following steps:

The first elements of the pile foundation are screwed in, driven or poured at the highest point of the future foundation. The depth from the entry into the ground will be the greatest, and the above-ground part will be equal to the smallest height of the base.
The part that will be the highest is mounted next. A rope is pulled between the low and high edges, and using a level they are aligned strictly along horizontal lines.
Subsequent piles are driven in the required places between the corner ones, aligned to the required horizontal level.

House on a pile foundation on a slope.
Ready-made project of a two-story house made of timber on a pile foundation.

The last stage is pouring a monolithic grillage or mounting its prefabricated structure.

What difficulties might you encounter?

Building on a slope can present some problems, especially if the height difference is significant or if it is located near the shore of a reservoir. The main reasons may be deep ravines and the possibility of landslides.

In such cases, the first priority is to increase the degree of structural rigidity. For this purpose, metal structures are most often used, which are connected to each other with durable strapping.

To obtain a design that will have all the relevant characteristics, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors when performing calculations and selecting materials. For example, the greater the angle of inclination, the greater the likelihood of collapse or landslides. Quite stable slopes are areas with a slope not exceeding 10%.

The most common problems

We will provide a list of violations that can be found in areas with elevation differences:

during rains or during a thaw, the soil liquefies;
the occurrence of landslides on the ground under its own weight;
soil disturbance and sliding partially in weak areas;
the occurrence of cracks when pressure is applied to the soil of the slope.

In such cases, the optimal solution would be to install a pile-screw foundation. This type of foundation can easily cope with weak soils, high levels of groundwater, and also bypass hard-to-reach areas.

Columnar foundation.

A columnar foundation consists of supports made of pillars, arranged in special pits, deepened to stable soil. The upper and lower parts of the base are a kind of supporting wall. The construction of such a subwall is advisable for buildings on ready-made terraces or on an area between two slopes.

Column and pile foundations are distinguished by the fact that columns poured into recesses can withstand significantly lower loads than driven piles. After leveling and strengthening the site using a columnar foundation, further installation is similar to work on a flat surface.

Foundation with a plinth on a slope

Question:

Hello! Please tell me which foundation would be most appropriate to complete. The slope is 2m by 15m. distances. It is planned to cut this distance, thereby leveling the building site and the area in front of the planned house. Next, complete the foundation and build a usable base. Subsequently, the far part of the base will need to be backfilled, leaving 0.5 m on the surface, and the front part remains completely open. The side parts of the base are not equally deep. The walls of the house are planned to be made of foam blocks. The freezing depth in our region is 1.7 m. The soil is heaving.

The question is: what foundation should I choose in my case and what should I use to make the walls of the basement?

Alexey, Nakhodka.

Answer:

Hello, Alexey from Nakhodka!

You have a decent depth of soil freezing; not in all places of our vastness is it the same in places where buildings and structures are being constructed.

Usually, when doing the kind of work that you plan to do, that is, first level the soil over the entire area of the proposed construction of the house, and then lay the foundation, it is done according to two options. (Taking into account that there will be an exploitable base.)

In both the first and second options, a trench is dug under the foundation to be mounted to a depth of about two meters along the entire perimeter. In this case, the depth of the trench is calculated from the flat surface of the planned site, conventionally taken as the “O” mark. A layer of sand from 10 to 30 centimeters is poured into the bottom of the trench and leveled.

Then the installation of the foundation begins.

The first option is to stack FBS blocks in several rows using a truck crane. With the height of most standard blocks being 58 centimeters, you will need 6 rows of them. As a result, it turns out that the total height from the bottom of the blocks to their top surface will be about 3.5 meters, taking into account the layer of mortar between the blocks. This guarantees the recommended height of the plinth at the very top of the slope to be approximately 0.5 meters. If the elevation above the ground level is slightly less than 0.5 meters, then the soil will have to be removed until the desired size is obtained.

The second option is that instead of laying FBS blocks, a strip reinforced foundation about 0.4 meters wide is made. Naturally, with the construction of fairly strong formwork. Since with a protruding height of the base above the ground of almost 2 meters, very often the formwork cannot withstand the weight of the concrete being poured, it bursts and the concrete spills to the sides. Therefore, special attention is paid to formwork; you should not skimp on materials.

Sometimes they make a combined foundation, that is, they simultaneously use FBS blocks and pour concrete into the formwork.

The main idea here is that the foundation along its entire length, even at the very bottom of the slope, will be below the depth of soil freezing. Which is a guarantee against heaving even in heaving soil.

As you can see, these are quite material-intensive foundations.

If you do not make a basement with a horizontal floor, then significantly less material is spent on the foundation. A level area for the house is not made, but a trench is simply dug for the foundation along the entire perimeter to a depth of about 2 meters. A reinforced strip foundation is made in which the base (the part of the foundation rising above the ground surface) is equal to a height of 0.5 meters. Naturally, the underground will have a sloping floor. In the lower part of the underground you will stand at full height, but in the upper part your head will not fit through.

Waterproofing is done along the top of the plinth and foam concrete blocks are laid, while the lower part of the blocks is chipped at an angle of inclination. A mason's pick, a diamond wheel with a grinder and a hacksaw are all necessary tools for giving the required angle to foam concrete blocks.

That is, there is quite a lot of fuss until you reach a full-fledged row of solid foam concrete blocks.

/For foam concrete walls, do not forget about the need to make an armored belt along the top. In a two-story house, two armored belts will not hurt - between the floors and under the roof./

A pile-screw foundation is not very suitable for your case, since you need a basement. There will be too much trickery with the walls.

I think I've made the answer clear enough. (And the wall material is concrete in any case; brick and foam concrete cannot be used due to their characteristics.)

This is my vision of solving the problem. I do not exclude that other less common options can be used.

Good luck!

Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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Strengthening the foundation
Strengthening foundation blocks and waterproofing
Choosing a foundation on sandy soil
Ground floor on a slope
How to raise a house in a hole
The top of the brick foundation leaned
Stages of pouring the foundation and plinth
Strengthening the foundation of an old house
The foundation made of asbestos-cement pipes is cracking
The foundation burst
The columnar foundation under the timber house was skewed
Options for using brick fragments
Concrete foundation in winter
Replacement of the foundation and repair of a wooden house
Recessing the basement floor
Foundation for a house made of arbolite blocks
Replacing the foundation under a timber house
Increasing the height of the block foundation under the house
Foundation for a two-story house with an extension
Strengthening the grillage on bored piles
Soil collapse under a house on a slope
The block foundation under the timber house is sagging
The pillars under the frame house were knocked out
Raise a 2-story house from a cylinder
The foundation for the timber is wider than necessary
Cost of repairing a columnar foundation
Strengthening the foundation of an old cinder block house
Link the old foundation to the new one
Strengthening bridge piles
Strengthening the columnar foundation
The foundation is smaller than the log house
The gap between the foundation and the trim
Raise the foundation under the finished log house
Replacing a broken foundation in a swamp
The foundation covered with slabs is crumbling
Foundation for a cabin 3 by 6 m
A new house on the foundation of a burnt one
Inclined blind area
Cracks in asbestos foundation pipes
Replacing concrete blocks with sleepers in the foundation
Strengthening concrete piles under the house
Increasing the strip foundation under the frame
Foundation for a timber house and frame veranda
Choosing a foundation for a house made of wood concrete
Foundation for a garage with an attic made of blocks
Strip foundation for a frame house
How to strengthen a pile foundation on clay
Bathhouse foundation size
Deepening the foundation for the basement floor
Columnar foundation for individual housing construction
Garden house on swampy ground leaning
Foundation for a house made of shell rock
Lay the foundation for an old extension
Foundation at the drop
Repair of old brick foundation
Foundation for an extension made of reinforced concrete sleepers
Is there a need for a blind area under the terrace?
Strengthening the foundations of the house and extension
The foundation of pipes is walking
Gas connection to a 6 by 4 frame house
Retaining wall as a foundation
Complex foundation vents
Raise the house
Reconstruction of a strip foundation or pile
The corner of a frame house sank
Strapping on a foundation made of reinforced concrete piles
Foundation for a house on pillars
Foundation for a house made of polystyrene concrete
Pour a strip foundation onto an old rubble foundation
Pour a foundation for an adobe house
Slab foundation on loam for a block house
Is it possible to pour a new foundation on an old one?
How to strengthen an old rubble foundation
The FBS foundation subsided
Repairing the foundation under a brick house
Is a grillage required on piles?
Foundation with a basement for a timber house
There are no vents in the low base
Replacement of the foundation and crowns of an old log house
What is the best way to make a foundation for a house on a slope?
Adobe foundation
Screw piles for a two-story frame
Repairing a sagging corner of the foundation
FBS foundation
Block foundation on a slope
Make vents in the finished foundation
Reconstruction of the foundation on quicksand
Bundle of monolith layers
The foundation is smaller than the size of a log house
Screw foundation for a house made of wood concrete
Foundation waterproofing FBS
Blind area around a log house without a base
The corner of the log house sank, what should I do?
Foundation for walls made of permanent formwork
Foundation for a garden log house
Raise and slightly move the country house
Raise an old wooden house
Should I tie foundation piles under a log house?
Screw pile foundation for a block house
How many years will a brick foundation last?
Foundation for a country toilet
How to connect a bored foundation with a rubble foundation
Foundation for a house on a slope
House on a slope - problems
Insulation of the foundation base with penoplex
Foundation for a bathhouse base on screw piles
How to repair a foundation
Replacing the foundation under a house with an extension
The armored belt of the foundation burst
A pipe burst inside the foundation
Insulation of the foundation base
The foundation pile was squeezed out
Foundation around an old house for a new house
Foundation for the fifth wall of the log house
Foundation for a heavy frame
Forgot to waterproof the log house from the foundation
Tying a pile-screw foundation
Are vents needed under reinforced concrete floors?
Top up the old foundation for a new building
Walking veranda without a foundation
What to make a high and economical foundation from
Pile foundation made of asbestos pipes
The foundation, two corners and the wall of the house sank
Option for insulating an existing foundation
Part of the foundation sank
Joining the foundations of a house and an extension
Waterproofing the foundation - forgot to do it
The new strip foundation has cracked
How to cut an opening for doors in a FBS foundation
Unfinished foundation
Expansion joint between foundations
Leveling the foundation with a brick plinth
Foundation for an extension made of arbolite blocks
Horizontal waterproofing
Log house larger than foundation what to do
How to connect foundations at different levels
Strengthen the foundation under a new house
Foundation, crushed stone cushion
The foundation of a timber house is cracked
Foundation slab against dampness
Lifting a panel garden house
Replacing an old columnar foundation with a new one
How to pour a foundation in water
How to add a foundation to the middle of a house
Brick pillar under a sagging beam
The gap between the log house and the foundation is like a vent
Step of the pile-screw foundation under the timber
Used sleeper foundation for a bathhouse
Foundation for a frame extension
Foundation made of FBS blocks for a two-story brick house
How practical is a 200 mm foundation?
Foundation for a bathhouse made of sleepers
The strip foundation collapsed
Replacing the lower crown with a foam block and raising the foundation
Foundation for a house made of aerated blocks
Strengthening the foundation for an attic extension
Pile-screw and shallow foundation
Level the foundation from asbestos pipes under the barn
Foundation for facing a finished house with bricks
Find a foundation repair team

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FBS foundation joints are cracking
Strengthening the brick foundation
Squeezed out by FBS - how to fix it
How to level the foundation surface
Strengthening the old foundation of a cinder block house
Adding asphalt chips to concrete
Unburied foundation in the Far North region
Reinforced concrete blocks or screw piles for a country house
Foundation option for a wooden house
Replacing the foundation under a garden house
Foundation under an old house for a new house
Foundation made of wooden sleepers
Need advice on how to raise a house
House partially without foundation
Leveling the foundation level
What kind of foundation is there for an 8 x 8 log house?
How to lift an FBS block onto another FBS block without equipment
Foundation with a plinth on a slope
The log house turned out to be smaller than the foundation
Asbestos pipe foundation for a panel house
Strengthening a sagging foundation
The foundation is collapsing
Foundation for a bathhouse made of bolts 40 20 20 cm
What kind of foundation is needed for a permanent residence frame house?
How to use an abandoned foundation
Reconstruction of the foundation of an old wooden house
Different foundations for the house and extensions
Air vents in a house under construction
How to lay FBS for the foundation of a brick house
How to level and build up a strip foundation
Foundation and ground floor made of reinforced concrete sleepers
Lay a foundation under an old log house
How to strengthen a brick house
Pile head foundation
Insulation of the base and foundation
Retaining wall on a sloped area
Weak strip foundation
Combining FBS and strip foundations
Breathing of the foundation under a log house
Plinth made of concrete slabs on a columnar foundation
How to increase the width of a strip foundation
Oak pile foundation
Vents in the foundation in winter
Coven tricks when building foundations
Repair of the foundation under a panel house
Foundation insulation
The columnar foundation is moving apart
Strip foundation depth
Dimensions of the foundation for a timber house with a brick lining

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Lay a foundation under the walls of a burnt house
Designing a foundation for a frame extension
Bored foundation technology
Step foundation for an extension
Repairing the foundation of an old wooden house
Shrinkage of strip foundation
The rubble stone foundation is crumbling
What kind of foundation is needed for a house made of wood concrete blocks?
Foundation for a one-story house
Repair of strip foundation under a panel house
Waterproofing an already built foundation
The foundation of an adobe house is crumbling
Log house on an old foundation
Brick country house without foundation
Wall aerated blocks for the foundation of a house
Construction on the site of an old building
New frame house on old foundation
Car tires instead of a foundation for a timber house
Replacing the foundation under a house in three parts
Shirt on the foundation of an old log house
Reinforcement of a shallow foundation
Drilling holes in the foundation for water supply
Replacement of block foundation 20 20 40
Skid foundation for frame extension
Foundation made of reinforced concrete piles 1-2 meters
How to pour a new foundation on an old one
Need advice on strengthening the foundation
Strengthen the old foundation under an oak frame
How to top up a fresh foundation in height
Foundation - wooden sleepers or concrete blocks
Restoration of the old foundation of a brick house
Set up a garage basement on heaving soil
FBS blocks in the foundation are moving apart
Foundation for an outdoor shower
Foundation in water - should we raise the house?
Old foundation for a new house
Foundation on water - how to make it?
Foundation for an extension to a cinder block house
The strip foundation is crumbling
Foundation for the internal walls of a house
Foundation pillars of a frame house collapsed
The columnar foundation sat on the ground
Foundation for an extension
Strengthening the foundation before building an attic
How to insulate and waterproof a foundation
Choosing a foundation for a log house
Foundation conservation
Plastering the old foundation and restoring the blind area
Foundation piles subsided

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A new strip foundation is being layered
How to cut FBS?
The columnar foundation went underground
Restoration of strip foundation
The columnar foundation regularly protrudes
Which foundation for a 4 by 6 m bathhouse to choose
Finishing the base and blind area of a columnar foundation
The use of reinforced concrete sleepers when pouring the foundation
How to level the foundation
Should I lay roofing felt between the timber and the foundation?
When and how to pour the foundation for an extension
Brick house is bursting at the seams
Repair of strip foundation under a panel house
The foundation piles next to the vegetable pit were squeezed out
Choosing a foundation for a timber house with brick lining
Pour a foundation for an old log house
Strengthening the foundation under a cinder block house
Strengthening the old foundation from broken rubble stone
Foundation depth for a foam block house
Construction of a new foundation for cladding an old house
Restoration of the foundation plinth
Is it worth using the old foundation for construction?
How to pour a foundation
Foundation for a frame-panel house
Foundation for an old adobe house lined with bricks
Replacing the foundation under a brick garage
Renew old foundation before construction
Brick plinth on a concrete foundation
How to connect a strip foundation with a new floating one
A strip foundation made of blocks collapses
Is it necessary to raise a concrete plinth with bricks?
Is it possible to vent the foundation vents upward?
Strengthening the foundation for the construction of the second floor
Log house sank on a slope
Connecting old and new foundations with reinforcement
Separate foundation for the second floor
The columnar foundation is walking
Foundation for lining a log house with blocks
How to avoid foundation cracking
The new foundation is crumbling
Expansion of the old foundation for a new house
Vents in the foundation
Which foundation to choose for a log house
How to get rid of weeds in the foundation
How to make a foundation for an adobe house without a foundation
How to expand a concrete block foundation
Put an old house on bored piles
Columnar foundation for a log bathhouse
Barrel foundation

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Cracks in a brick house
Blind area of a house on a slope
Which concrete is better for the foundation?
What to do with the foundation after flooding?
The foundation under a wooden house burst
The latest foundation repair technology
How to build up an old foundation before building a house
The corner of the house sank
The house has settled and the foundation is cracking
The foundation is three years old, how can it be updated before building a house?
Make a brick plinth on a strip foundation
The foundation is crumbling
How to add a foundation under a cinder-cast house
Block foundation repair
Restoration of a strip foundation after a fire
Repair of columnar foundation
Foundation of adobe house
How to properly add a foundation to an old clay hut
The foundation crumbled
The foundation piles were squeezed out. What to do?
Strengthening the foundation in land with high groundwater
How to choose a foundation for a brick extension
To boot or not to boot
Strengthening the foundation and walls of an old house
Foundation made of tires for a timber house
Strengthening the foundation of the dacha
Foundation for a bathhouse on a peat bog
The strip foundation burst
How to pour a foundation in place of an existing old one
Waterproofing under an existing house
Sleepers as a foundation for a house
Problem with the foundation of a one-story house
Floating foundation for a timber house
How to add a foundation to an old log house
Pile-screw foundation for a bathhouse
Foundation for a frame-panel house
The foundation has burst! What to do?
The foundation burst
Restoration of an old brick house and strengthening of the foundation
How to strengthen an old foundation
Strengthening the foundation under a country house
New foundation around an old house
Add a finished foundation
The brick of the false foundation wall is crumbling
How to strengthen the old foundation?
Repair of the foundation of a brick country house
How to add a foundation to a house?
Strengthening the foundations of country houses

Foundations

All questions to Semenych about construction

Semenych (author of materials)

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Strengthening the slope under the foundation.

The general requirements for any type of plinth on an area with a slope are reliable ground support. The main threats are: firstly, streams of rain and melt water, which wash away the soil around the house and accumulate in the upper part of the foundation, gradually destroying it; secondly, possible shedding and displacement of the soil.

For the safety of buildings on such a unique site, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures:

Drainage installation around the foundation on a slope.

Drainage installation around the house.

Retaining slabs, terraces, planting trees and shrubs with a powerful branched root system are not only design techniques, but methods of strengthening the soil and preventing its displacement;
The soil under the site, on installed piles, is especially susceptible to crumbling. There are no plantings in this place; grass and shrubs do not grow. Such areas are especially protected from rainwater. Melt and groundwater must be drained from under the piles using drainage devices.

Settlement actions

To make the appropriate calculations for building a foundation on a slope, you can use special programs with the introduction of data obtained during the study. To obtain a more correct calculation, many factors must be taken into account:

Calculations for building a foundation on a slope

Results of soil research.
Weight of the structure, including frame, floors and roofing system.
Payload, which includes the weight of the furniture and the total mass of the occupants.
Load from wind and snow cover.

In addition, calculation work involves determining the corresponding costs:

Cost of research work.
Material for foundation construction.
Rental of heavy construction equipment.
Cost of earthworks.
Costs associated with strengthening the soil and installing a drainage system.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

Building a house on a slope is always a risky idea, because no one is safe from soil shedding, flooding with water coming from above the slope, or subsidence. That is why the foundation is on a slope, and the house design itself must be drawn up by a real professional. This article was created so that you can understand the types of foundations for a house on a slope. After reviewing the information, you will be able to make the right choice and understand the engineers' project. You can make the design with your own hands, the main thing is to strictly follow the project.

How to make a foundation on a slope.
A good example of a house on a slope is the optimal angle for construction. If the slope is greater, then there is a chance of soil displacement and other unpleasant phenomena for the owners.

Despite the complexity, there are plenty of foundation options for building on a slope. You can choose a strip, column or even pile foundation. Another negative point is the need to spend money on strengthening the soil. Sometimes this operation can be avoided if the building stands on “favorable” soil.

Ground floor - solution to the problem

It's no secret that strip foundations are one of the most reliable options. But the question arises: is it possible to build a strip foundation on a slope? This is quite realistic if the decision is made to build a house on a slope with a basement floor. In this case, it is not at all necessary to level the site by pouring soil to construct a trench. On the contrary, some part of the land mass will have to be cut out.

When implementing this type of foundation in some areas of the base perimeter, the base material will come into contact with the soil. To prevent the consequences of such proximity during the operation of the basement, it is necessary to carry out high-quality waterproofing of the external walls of the base. Moreover, the waterproofing material can be laid even before pouring the concrete.

Advice from experts

Some professionals recommend initially setting up terrace areas on the slopes. Moreover, the level of their placement may be different. After the foundation for them has been provided, the foundation for the house itself begins to be built on it. Such a foundation is secured with walls with supports and steps are arranged.

Important! When constructing retaining walls on slopes with a slope of more than 15% and when using brick or concrete blocks as a building material, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical seams do not coincide.

In the case where the supporting walls are built to a significant height, the elements should be fastened with concrete mortar.

Strip type foundation.

If for an ordinary landscape a strip base is a simple and, most importantly, affordable solution, then for a slope it is not the most favorable option. But if the type of soil does not allow us to make a different structure, we don’t have much choice. If the slope is significant, terraces are a must. To do this, remove the layer of soil. This work must be done by professionals, since after the “steps” appear, they must be compressed using reinforcing mesh.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

A diagram that will help you make a foundation on a slope. Also shown here is a formula for calculating the degree of soil freezing.

The mesh is fixed using metal or special plastic pegs. A layer of earth is poured over the mesh, completely covering the reinforcing mesh. Next, a grate is placed, which must be filled with soil and crushed stone.

For these works you will need the following tools and materials:

geogrid;
level;
wooden boards;
reinforced grating;
mesh mounts.

When planning, the angle of the slope must be taken into account, only in the plan it is determined by percentages, and not by standard degrees. Soil where the slope is 3% is considered almost flat. If the slope is 3-8%, then it is an average slope. At 10%, a special approach is used; in this case, it will obviously not be possible to do the work with your own hands.

Strengthening the foundation on a slope.
Scheme of strengthening the slope for the future foundation.

A strip foundation on a slope is erected according to the following scheme:

The first step is to cut off part of the slope at an angle of 90° to the grillage of the future foundation.
A retaining wall is installed along the cut. Next, a trench is dug to create a strip plinth.
The next step is to form the foundation. The process follows a standard procedure.
After the concrete has completely cured, it is necessary to make a supporting embankment. This move will allow you to level the lower and upper parts of the slope. After this, the strip foundation on the slope can be completed.

Strip stepped foundation

Before you start work, you need to make a choice between different construction technologies:

monolithic reinforced concrete;
prefabricated reinforced concrete.

For the same reason as in the previous version, the monolithic method of constructing a strip foundation is the most optimal. In addition, the foundation built using this technology is a solid product. When constructing this type of foundation, they are guided by the joint venture “Design and construction of foundations and foundations of buildings and structures.”

You can make a support for a house with a slope of 10% in the following order:

The slope on which the tape will rest is cut so that a stepped descent is formed. The height and width of the ledges are calculated so that the angle between the horizon line and the visual line drawn from the surface of the ledge to the base of the slope does not exceed 30 degrees.
The steps of a kind of terrace are compacted and reinforced with reinforcing mesh.
A layer of soil is poured over the mesh.
They dig trenches for retaining walls located across the slope, install formwork, and pour the foundation. Walls located along the slope are placed in such a way that their edges are at the same level, while the mark of the sole may differ.
After the concrete has hardened, soil is added in order to equalize the difference between the lower and upper elevations of the slope.

If the slope percentage of the site is less than 8%, a stepped slope is not necessary. The strip foundation is installed as for a flat area. It is important to note that tape is one of the most disadvantageous types when working with height differences. Construction at different levels will be very labor-intensive and expensive. It should be used only if a basement is needed.

Pile foundation.

Those who are familiar with this type of foundation probably know that it is the best solution for a slope. The construction of the foundation does not include working with the soil, because the piles can be placed in the body of the slope to the depth we need. As a result, we need to get a structure where all the support pillars are on the same horizontal line. When the piles are installed, it is time to build a grillage, which looks like a terrace.

How to make a foundation on a slope.

Photo of a pile foundation on a slope, which you can build with your own hands.

The construction of a foundation for a dwelling on a slope is carried out according to the following scheme:

First, the highest point on the hill is located, where the first pile is installed. The height of the visible part of this element must correspond to the height of the base.
Next comes the corner pile. Here everything is the other way around - the visible part should correspond to the height of the future base. A strong cable must be pulled between the first piles. When construction has just begun, the cable will imitate the future grillage.
The remaining piles are screwed into the ground so that their visible parts are at the same horizontal level.
When all the piles are installed, you can start creating a grillage for your future home. You can also make it yourself. It is built in a special formwork, which consists of sides and a bottom. The final step will be to bandage the frame.

Types of foundations that can be used on a slope

No matter how a site with elevation differences may frighten you with problems, placing a building on it has a number of advantages:

the dwelling is protected from seasonal flooding, provided drainage lots are placed on a slope;
when placing a building on the south side, wind blowing is minimized;
it becomes possible to arrange an original landscape interior;
a pleasant view that opens perfectly from a slope, especially one located near the water.

There are also benefits in saving energy costs. For example, if the slope protects the building on the north side, then heat loss will be minimal. Which will help to significantly save on heat resources.

The advantages are obvious; all that remains is to choose the type of foundation that will be a reliable basis for the future structure.

Columnar foundation.

You can also use a columnar foundation for a private house on a slope. A nice feature is that the design runs exactly the same as it would on flat terrain. To make such a base with your own hands, you need to prepare a flat area, which will be limited by two walls.

The resulting space must be filled with compacted soil. The bottom wall prevents the bulk soil from sliding. The top wall serves another function: it prevents compacted soil from leaving the terrace. The base of the pillars must be on stable ground, so you will have to dig deep. The bulk terrace is needed here to fix the pillars.

How to make a foundation on a slope with your own hands.

Columnar base on a slope.

There is an alternative solution for building a house on poles. First of all, the pillars are dug in according to the same principle as piles, and only then the soil is backfilled under the terrace, that is, after installing all the vertical elements of the foundation.

Choice of foundation.

From the description of all three options, it can be understood that the best solution would be a pile structure. Its disadvantage is that such a foundation cannot be installed on all types of soil. Strip foundations are less finicky, so they are often used. In any case, consult with professionals who will make the final decision.

Recommendation: A good review article, from it you will learn how to make a foundation on a slope. In reality, you need to be extremely careful. Carefully calculate all costs for each type of foundation, paying special attention to the soil. If you make the wrong choice, you will lose a lot of money.

What type of foundation is best to choose?

Modern houses are built using different materials: wood, brick, concrete, metal structures, SIP panels, combinations of these materials.

Depending on what it is planned to build from, on what soil and with what level of slope, the type of foundation is selected:

horizontal;
stepped;
screw (pile).

The horizontal foundation is made in the form of pile structures or concrete strips. To build a foundation, it is necessary to prepare a flat area, which involves a large amount of excavation work. It is appropriate to build it on slopes with a small angle of inclination and a slight depth.

The peculiarity of a stepped foundation is that it can actually be erected on terrain with a steep slope. The base of the house is built in steps that increase towards the slope. Such a foundation is designed for heavy loads, which are distributed over all stages of each level.

It is advisable to make a screw foundation on slopes with a high groundwater level. The piles go deep into the soil and create a reliable foundation for the future home.

The type of foundation is selected based on the above factors.

Of course, in order for a residential building to be durable and last for many, many years, it is necessary to build a reliable and strong foundation for the structure