Is a project necessary for the construction of an individual residential building?

In the suburban real estate market, the sales leaders over the past few years have undoubtedly been land plots without a contract. People are actively buying them even when the village has not yet begun to be built. This can only mean one thing - a large wave of mass construction of private houses is coming.

Considering the average price of these plots and the principle of total savings for modern consumers on literally everything, it is unlikely that the development of such objects will take place with the participation of a well-known construction company, an architect, or at least a competent foreman.

What consequences could such construction lead to? Is the savings on building a house without a project justified? And is it possible to design a cottage yourself? Let's look at all the answers in this article.

Is it possible to start building a cottage without a project or according to your own design?

We often see an abundance of advertising in newspapers, the Internet and TV from developers, contractors, architects, builders, and material manufacturers. Everyone praises their service and product, they are afraid that their competitors have everything bad, of poor quality, but they have the best, and in general - there is no way to build a house without them...

And if you start an argument with them, you may hear different things: for example, that building a house without a design, without their professional competencies, is risky and illegal. Is it really?

In fact, the construction and design of private houses with a height of no more than 3 floors and for single-family residence is practically not regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Yes, there are certain construction standards, SNiPs, GOSTs, by-laws and clarifications, but if you do not violate them, then there will be no problems.

This means that any private developer can literally draw a sketch of his future home by hand and receive a building permit.

Further. Do you need a network project?

Yes, many will say: well, I can lay the pipes and radiators myself. Yes, it's possible. But you need to understand that already when installing the foundations, builders must lay all the communication routes that are located under the floor of the first floor. And if at this stage someone “misses”, all subsequent placement of plumbing fixtures will depend on this mistake. Yes, when installing a boiler room, the installation company will most likely offer its own solutions, perhaps replace some materials - progress does not stand still. But the concept will not change.

Is it possible to obtain a building permit in the absence of design documentation?

According to Article 49 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, a project declaration is not needed for the following capital construction projects:

• Detached residential buildings with no more than 3 floors , intended for one family (individual housing construction projects);
• Residential buildings with no more than 3 floors, consisting of several blocks , the number of which does not exceed 10 and each of which is intended for one family, has a common wall (common walls) without openings with the neighboring block or neighboring blocks, is located on a separate plot of land and has access to public territory (blocked residential buildings);
• Apartment buildings with no more than 3 floors , consisting of one or more block sections, the number of which does not exceed 4, each of which contains several apartments and common areas and each of which has a separate entrance with access to the common area .

Thus, we see that even if there is no project for a private house, there will be no problems with obtaining a construction permit. The only thing you need is to order from a design organization or department of a local architectural bureau a diagram of the planning organization of the land plot, and also indicate in the papers the expected dimensions and area of ​​​​the future house.

Complete list of documents for obtaining a building permit.

Some people want to start building a country house, others are looking for information about obtaining permission to build an industrial facility. Whatever construction is planned, obtaining a permit is mandatory, otherwise problems with registering the object and putting it into operation are inevitable.

All you need to do is obtain permission to build the desired type of building and comply with the plan during construction. Laws on obtaining permits have changed several times, so we have compiled the latest information for 2021 on how to obtain a building permit and what documents are required.

Permission to build a facility in 2021 - in which cases it is not necessary to obtain it

A construction permit is a document that certifies that the project documentation complies with the requirements of the urban planning plan of the land plot on which the facility will be built. This document includes a graphic plan for the organization of the site, where boundaries and existing objects are marked. A building permit allows the developer to begin construction work as planned.

But, before you go to get a building permit, you need to find out whether it is necessary in a particular case. In some situations, permission is not required.

If a plot of land was provided for individual housing construction (individual residential construction), then permission must be obtained if the house is designed for two families or more, multi-story, etc. To build a house for one owner, a notification procedure is required for informing administrative authorities about construction; we will discuss it below.

If the site was provided for dacha (garden) activities, then there is no need to obtain a building permit, you only need to build the building in accordance with the requirements of SanPin and the requirements for country houses.

The construction of non-permanent buildings – a garage, barn, etc. – also does not require obtaining a permit.

We remind you that the “dacha amnesty” of previous years allowed the commissioning of residential buildings erected within the boundaries of settlements without permission. But in order to formalize the commissioning, the package of documents must also include a permit for the construction of this facility.

Until March 1, 2021, the only document confirming the creation of an object on the site was the cadastral passport.

So, persons who managed to build a residential building on the site before this year and submit documents for its registration before March 1, 2021, do not have to obtain permission. This applies only to completed construction, and unfinished housing will still require a permit.

Where can I get a building permit and who has the right to apply?

Typically, approval of construction occurs with the executive authority - local administration, committees, department, construction supervision authority:

Local government bodies.

Executive authorities of a constituent entity of Russia.

Federal executive body.

Most often, permits for the construction of an individual house in a village or a country house are issued by the local government body to which the given land plot belongs geographically. As a rule, such a body is the administration of the municipal district.

When contacting the authorized body to obtain a construction permit, remember that, according to the Town Planning Code, this document is issued free of charge.

Please note that restrictions may apply in the development area, since, for example, very often the territory of gardening partnerships is located near an airfield, stadiums, cultural sites, forests, water resources, mining areas, etc. Construction in these zones requires additional approval. The body that is responsible for one or another of the objects listed above usually has a representative office in the given area.

So, sometimes the following government bodies are involved in issuing construction permits:

Rospotrebnadzor (SES).

Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Department for the Protection of Natural Resources and Environment.

Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rosatom).

Branches of Roscosmos.

Rosaviatsia, owner of the airfield.

Department of the Ministry of Cultural Development.

Territorial departments of the Fishery Agency.

Federal Agency for Subsoil Use of the Russian Federation.

If it is planned to build an individual house, then the applicant is its future owner. If a legal entity receives permission, it is referred to as the developer in the documents.

Typically, the administration indicates which of the above organizations needs to coordinate the construction plan. Determining the compliance of the future building with the standards in this case is based on the urban planning plan of the area.

The received permits from the authorized bodies must be attached to the main package of documents.

Who is issued a building permit?

Owner or developer. In most cases, these are different persons.

To the owner's authorized representative (who has a power of attorney from him).

Customer, contractor.

The tenant of a plot of land.

The requirements for construction depend on its type and purpose, all of them are set out in the technical documentation for construction and regulatory documents.

List of documents for obtaining permission to build an individual residential building on an individual housing construction site in 2021

The house on this site should be built for one family. There are certain requirements for such a building - for example, height - no more than 3 floors, or 20 meters, the presence of a foundation and load-bearing walls, capital construction.

To build a house on an individual housing construction site that meets the requirements of individual housing construction, you do not need to obtain permission - a notification procedure applies, as in the case of SNT.

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to obtain an urban planning plan for the land plot (GPZU) in order to know exactly where the future house can be located.

List of documents for obtaining GPZU:

Statement of the established form.

Identity card (passport) of the owner or developer.

Situational plan of the storage facility.

Extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate.

A title document for a plot of land, if it is not registered with the cadastral chamber of Rosreestr.

Coordination with public utilities (gas, electricity, water supply) and topographic survey of the site indicating utilities.

Please keep in mind that the urban development plan for the land plot will be ready within 30 days from the date of submission of the application.

Then you should draw up a plan for the land plot and a diagram of the future house. It is better to order this work from specialists, in order to avoid mistakes, due to which later the documents may not be accepted for consideration.

When the plan is ready, you can submit a list of documents for its approval and approval:

Identity card (passport) of the owner or developer.

Power of attorney if documents are submitted by a representative.

Construction notice.

Document of ownership of this land plot (not always required).

If the individual housing construction site is located near the objects that we listed in paragraph 2 of the article, then permitting documentation will be required from their owners\administrations\departments.

List of documents for obtaining permission to build a private residential building in SNT in 2021

From 2021, new rules for the construction of individual residential buildings are known. There is no longer a need to obtain permits, but before construction, it is required to comply with the notification procedure for the start of work. This applies to residential buildings erected on the lands of individual housing construction, private household plots and gardening partnerships.

Sending a notification is now easier than getting permission. In addition, much less documents will be required.

But a building permit must still be obtained if the following is being built:

Multi-storey and apartment building.

Blocked residential building, or townhouse, for two or more owners.

Non-residential capital facility - gas station, shopping center, industrial building, business center, warehouse, etc.

In order to approve the construction of a house for one family on an individual housing construction plot, much fewer documents will be required than before, because, we remind you, a notification procedure is in effect.

In addition to notification of the upcoming construction of a house, you must provide:

A copy of the passport of the Russian citizen submitting an application for construction.

A notarized power of attorney, if the applicant is the guarantor.

A document confirming ownership of a plot of land (purchase and sale agreement, lease agreement, privatization act, etc.).

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, officials do not have the right to demand any other documentation from you.

If documents are submitted in paper form, it is necessary to make photocopies of them and make notarized copies. When submitting documents, you must have the originals with you for verification.

In 2021, citizens also have the opportunity to apply for permission to Multifunctional Centers (MFCs) for the provision of state and municipal services. Another way is to send an application electronically through your personal account on the Unified State Services Portal.

Electronic documents are submitted in PDF format. But for this, the applicant must have an enhanced electronic signature (EDS). If there is no digital signature, then documents in electronic form will not be accepted for consideration.

Documents for obtaining permission to build a multi-apartment residential building (MCD) in 2021

Naturally, in this case the list of documents is much wider than in the above cases, and the requirements for documentation are stricter.

List of documents that the developer must have to start construction:

Developer's passport or legal details.

Power of attorney, if a representative of the developer-legal entity applies.

Documents for the land plot, if information about it is not in the Unified State Register of Real Estate.

GPZU and SPOZU plans.

Certificate of license of a non-state expert company.

Positive conclusion of a non-state examination that all project documentation meets the standards and complies with the urban planning plan.

Results of engineering and technical approvals (that a multi-story building can be built on this site, there is no danger of soil subsidence and/or flooding with groundwater, damage to engineering components, etc.).

Permission to deviate from the maximum permissible construction parameters (for example, increasing the area, indentation from the facade of other buildings, entering municipal territory).

Residential building project.

Consent of copyright holders if reconstruction of an apartment/high-rise building is being carried out.

Other documents on request.

If a developer applies for state expertise, then he needs to send the design documentation to the Committee on Architecture and Urban Planning (in Moscow - IAIS OGD), where specialists check it for compliance with SNiP and other regulations. If there are no violations or errors, then the developer submits an application for permission to build a multi-apartment residential building.

Obtaining permission to construct a non-residential building in 2020 - what documents will be required

Non-residential buildings are divided into several types. For some buildings, obtaining a construction permit is simply mandatory, while for others it is not required.

As we have already mentioned, for the construction of auxiliary buildings (non-permanent) you do not need to obtain permits (however, it is important to build them in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, etc.). Auxiliary buildings include a bathhouse, a greenhouse, a barn, a barn, and a toilet. The main feature of such buildings is the absence of a foundation; at best, they are erected on stilts (can be wooden or concrete).

Keep in mind that an extension to a house that has a common foundation with it is already a capital building, and it is necessary to obtain permission for it. For example, this could be a bathhouse or a garage, built together with a house under construction.

But, if an extension to a house is being built to an already built residential building, then this is considered a reconstruction of a residential building, and requires a notification procedure for registering the reconstruction of a residential building. Documents must be collected and executed in the same way as when constructing a house on an individual housing construction site (see above).

If a non-residential capital building for commercial purposes - for example, a car wash, warehouse, store, restaurant, shopping center, sports facility, etc. – then its construction will require approval from the local administration. It is necessary to obtain a permit for the construction or reconstruction of a permanent non-residential building. The list of documents for the construction of such a building is the same as in the case of an apartment building (see above).

Keep in mind that, most likely, you will need to obtain additional permits from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Department of Architecture, Rospotrebnadzor, etc.

Obtaining permission to build an industrial facility in 2020

Buildings and structures of an industrial type also require obtaining permission for construction.

Before you begin planning and approving the facility, you need to decide on the type of land to be used and check the area and determine the boundaries.

Next, a construction project is formed based on the urban planning plan.

Industrial facilities and buildings must be agreed upon - and received a positive response - with environmental and environmental organizations. Possibly, soil and water samples, topographical studies, etc. will be necessary.

Approvals from each of the authorities in writing are attached to the general package of documents that is submitted for obtaining a permit.

Refusal to issue a building permit in 2021 - the main reasons for refusal

Upon receipt of an application for a permit, officials must check the availability of all documents, compliance with the standards of the scheme of the land plot planned for construction, the location of the residential building, boundaries, etc.

If all documents are available and the construction plan complies with the established technical standards and urban planning plan, within 10 days from the date of submission the applicant will receive permission to build the building specified in the documents, or a refusal with mandatory justification.

Please note that 10 years after issuance, any building permit will become invalid.

The main reasons for refusal to issue a building permit:

There are no necessary documents from the list of required documents to obtain a permit.

Non-compliance of documents with established requirements and standards.

The documents contain inaccurate information, there are errors, blots, corrections, etc.

The documents have lost their validity.

The government agency does not provide this service.

The developer, future owner or their representative does not have the right to apply for permission (lack of documents, incapacity, no power of attorney, etc.).

The EPC does not belong to the applicant, but to another person.

Contradictions in permit documents and documents for the commission.

Non-compliance of the planned construction with standards, technical specifications and urban planning plans.

A person who has received a refusal to issue a permit can immediately correct the deficiencies in the documentation and resubmit the application or notification.

Is it possible to put a house into operation in the absence of design documentation?

According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Article 55 (“Issue of permission to commission”), the following documents are required for this:

1. title documents for the land plot;
2. urban planning plan of the land plot submitted to obtain a building permit;
3. building permit;
4. act of acceptance of a capital construction project;
5. an act confirming the compliance of the parameters of the constructed capital construction facility with the design documentation , including the requirements for energy efficiency and the requirements for equipping the capital construction facility with metering devices for the energy resources used, and signed by the person carrying out the construction;
6. documents confirming the compliance of the constructed capital construction facility with technical conditions and signed by representatives of organizations operating engineering support networks (if any);
7. a diagram showing the location of the constructed capital construction facility, the location of engineering and technical support networks within the boundaries of the land plot and the planning organization of the land plot and signed by the person carrying out the construction;
8. conclusion of the state construction supervision body on the compliance of the constructed capital construction facility with the requirements of design documentation , including the requirements of energy efficiency and the requirements for equipping the capital construction facility with metering devices for the energy resources used;
9. technical plan of a capital construction project, prepared in accordance with Federal Law of July 13, 2015 N 218-FZ “On State Registration of Real Estate”.

So, there is no way to do without project documentation and all the papers described above - such a house will not be decorated. Even worse, they may recognize it as “self-construction,” which is fraught with trial and subsequent demolition. This is why it is necessary and important to have a properly designed project.

What are the benefits of project documentation?

The main advantages include the following points:

1. Competent and accurate calculation of strength. Allows you to avoid unnecessary costs for unreasonably strengthening structures or hasty reconstruction. On average, savings are 100,000 rubles.
2. Receive a preliminary estimate. Deviations are possible, but not by hundreds of thousands. This helps to allocate the budget correctly.
3. Reliability and durability of the structure. Provides project development in accordance with regulatory documents.
4. Thoughtful design. The project is drawn up and agreed upon with the customer at every stage. This allows you to create the most comfortable layout, taking into account the technical capabilities and desires of the future owner.

   
   An example of a thoughtful layout of a one-story house

5. Saving. At the construction stage, all structures are carried out in accordance with technical documentation, which guarantees the quality and reliability of the structure. Excessive reinsurance in the thickness of structural elements in the absence of a professional design leads to significant additional costs.
6. Redevelopment during operation. Design documentation allows you to evaluate the technical capabilities of any alterations. The engineering section makes it possible to carry out work without accidental damage to communications.
7. Having a project is additional insurance against an unscrupulous contractor. The contract specifies the completion time and cost of the work. Without a project, the price and time for development can increase significantly.

The listed advantages are a guarantee of the quality and durability of the house, and this is important if the development is carried out for oneself.

Independent creation of a future home project

It is certainly possible to draw up and calculate a construction project on your own if we are talking about simple structures. For example, a small typical country house, which does not need any communications except power supply. It will be possible to live in such a building during the summer season.

Important! The main advantage of projects downloaded from the Internet or drawn by yourself is that you don’t pay anything for them. However, there are many more negative sides. In construction, many things can only be correctly calculated by a professional with a higher construction education: for example, loads on the foundation and floors, structural stability, calculation of the volume of materials and their competent selection.

As a result, having developed a project with your own hands, you can get something completely different from what was planned or, even worse, a low-quality house that will not last long. Therefore, if you have a desire to build:

1. permanent house (with foundation);
2. durable (for tens or more years);
3. for permanent residence (including in winter);
4. with “heavy” walls (made of brick, concrete, etc.);
5. with communications installed inside (plumbing, heating, electricity, sewerage).

In this case, it is better to entrust the task to professionals and contact a company for turnkey construction. As a last resort, if the budget does not allow, you can consider purchasing a standard project or order an individual one, but from a professional architect who will make all the calculations in accordance with the rules and regulations.

Types of projects

In the general mass, three main options can be distinguished: independent, individual from professionals, standard.

I design it myself

The possibilities of the Internet and free modeling programs make it possible to complete a completely tolerable house project. It will be easier for those who have certain experience and skills in construction. For the rest, a new world will have to be discovered.

Project and layout of a cottage with an attic

When starting modeling, beginners are faced with the first and serious problem - choosing a foundation for the future structure.

You will have to review a bunch of information, thoroughly study special programs for calculating the load on the foundation and decide on the amount of building materials for it. After this, you also need to choose the best price-quality option.

Having encountered difficulties at every stage of design, those who do not give up this activity will receive a valuable store of knowledge, but the risk of errors has not been canceled. Such a project will require hiring a professional construction team who can correct errors before construction begins.

Individual project completed by a professional

For such work, you should hire only a proven contractor. Study reviews about the company, request recommendations for completed projects, and conclude an agreement for the provision of services.

An example of an individual project for a private house

These measures will insure against unscrupulous companies. The advantages of professional projects include:

• Individuality of the structure. During the design process, customer requirements are taken into account and taken into account the technical capabilities of their implementation;
• Professional approach. As a rule, the project is carried out by a team of several specialists: an architect, an engineering department (electrical, water and sewerage, ventilation). Geodetic research and topographic survey are required;
• Detailed estimate for construction materials and utilities. It will not be difficult for a professional architectural agency to calculate and select the necessary materials for the construction of a structure of any complexity. This will ensure reliability, durability of the structure and savings due to the absence of excess material consumption at the construction stage;

• Introduction of modern energy saving technologies into the project, taking into account regional reference. This will allow you to save on heating and electricity bills in the future;
• Obtaining a construction permit with such a package of documents will be quick. Sometimes the performer takes on this function.

But there are a number of nuances:

1. The duration of the project is 3 weeks.
2. When hiring another contractor for construction, adjustments may be made. A self-respecting construction company will definitely check the design and calculations for utility networks. After all, the demand, first of all, will come from her.
3. Price. It may vary depending on the region. For a house of 150 - 200 sq. m. package of documentation will cost an average of 60,000 rubles. To this will be added the cost of geodetic research and topographic survey (on average another 20,000 rubles).

   
   Project and layout of a house 172 sq.m.

Individual house designs made by professionals have undoubted advantages. And in the end, you save due to accuracy in calculations and proper selection of materials.

Typical projects

This option is good because it does not take time to prepare documentation, and financial investments in it are significantly reduced. And if you consider that the Internet is replete with ready-made solutions, the advantages become undeniable. But it's not that simple:

• Quality of design documentation. Nobody will give guarantees on this matter. The buyer receives the entire package after payment. And it is quite difficult for people ignorant of construction to check the availability of the entire set of documents. Accordingly, you should order a standard solution only from trusted organizations in your region that have a certificate and approval to provide design services;

  
  An example of a typical house project with an attic

• Regional affiliation. As a rule, standard solutions were prepared for a certain area and there is no guarantee that they will be suitable for another. This is especially true for the foundation: what is good for one type of soil can turn into a disaster for another type of soil. And it is the basis for the quality and durability of the entire structure;
• Inappropriate energy saving system. Here attention should be paid to the year in which the standard solution was developed. The older the object, the less efficient the system is. And it would be nice to clarify for which region the project was made. It is possible that the option that is suitable for the southern regions is in no case recommended for the northern regions;
• Adaptation of a standard project to the existing option. And these are additional costs for redoing the documentation. But it will help you avoid the above mistakes.

  
  Standard project and plan of a cottage 12 by 15 meters

Standard solutions will cost much less, but you should carefully select a sales developer. Depending on the size of the budget allocated for the project, a choice is made in favor of one or another option. But do not forget that “the miser pays twice.” Therefore, when making a decision, you should weigh all the pros and cons.

Purchasing and ordering a project from a design organization

For the customer, the advantages of this solution are as follows:

1. the opportunity to see clearly (in 3D) what your future cottage or country house will look like, evaluate its functionality and comfort;
2. there is an opportunity to make your own adjustments before construction begins;
3. the building will comply with all legal requirements and standards;
4. it is possible to determine in advance how much material will be used for a given house, how much it will cost and whether the customer will be able to meet the budget;
5. the customer will receive exactly the object he dreamed of.

Recommendation: If you don’t have enough money for an individual designer, buy a standard project from a construction company. It will cost you much less.

What documents will be required first for the construction of a private house?

To obtain permission to begin construction work, you must submit an application and all the necessary documents for the construction of a private house to the local administration, including:

1. resolution of the head of the municipal administration on the allocation of a plot for private construction of a residential property;
2. contract of sale;
3. master plan of the facility;
4. land passport;
5. act on land surveying in kind with a breakdown of buildings, red lines and axes of the structure.

Stages of designing a private house

Let's take a step-by-step look at the main stages of drafting a project.

Analysis of functionality, placement and use of space

• what rooms need to be equipped and how they will be located relative to each other so that all family members feel comfortable in them;
• the number of bathrooms is determined;
• a decision is made on how many storage rooms, vestibules, non-residential premises and auxiliary rooms there will be;
• the optimal ceiling height is selected;
• the type of heating and the location of communications are selected.

Why you should turn to professionals to build a private house

You are already close to realizing your dream of owning your own home, but you have still decided: to carry out the construction yourself or turn to professionals. Of course, it is better to choose the second option. Without qualified help, it will be difficult to even find out what documents are needed for building a private house, not to mention carrying out construction work.

You can get a comfortable and reliable private house at optimal costs only if it is built without violations and on the first try (without alterations). Even experienced craftsmen can make mistakes when working alone.

The most common mistakes when building a private house:

1. The use of building materials from insufficiently dried wood. Such an error can create serious problems. During drying, wood can change the size and shape of products made from it. This can lead to distortion of structures, the development of fungal formations and rotting of fasteners.
2. Incorrect combination of roofing layers. It is important to observe the principle of material compatibility. Otherwise, heat loss through the roof may increase or the processes of rotting of roof elements may accelerate.
3. Insufficient frame strength. This mistake is often made when building large houses. Conventional frames include vertical columns and horizontal beams, but large-sized cottages require special, more powerful floors.
4. It is necessary to strictly observe technological requirements when conducting construction work. This will ensure the reliability and strength of building structures.
5. Failure to comply with foundation construction requirements. It is the basis of everything and determines the reliability of the building. The most common mistake is the complete absence of a foundation structure and an unprofessional assessment of the condition of the soil at a construction site.
6. Poor moisture protection of the building. Having saved on means of protection against moisture during construction, you can incur significant costs for correcting deficiencies.

All the mistakes described here during the construction of a private house can cause irreversible processes, including the destruction of the building structure. It is worth remembering that it is unacceptable to save on aspects of construction that may pose a threat to human life.

In order to build a private house without violations and defects, and also to get rid of the difficult worries of finding quality materials, we recommend turning to professionals who are ready to perform the whole range of turnkey work.

What does the design documentation look like and what does it include?

Let's consider what should be included in a house project if you ordered it from a design organization.

Architectural section

Here a description of all the parameters and data of the future house is compiled, with detailed cross-sectional drawings of each floor, facade, and roof. All information about lintels, door and window openings and ventilation ducts.

Structural section

Coordination of the plan from the first section with the drawing of the foundation, floors, rafter system, and the construction of the basement, if one is planned. All wiring and components and features of the rafter system arrangement are indicated.

Engineering section

Here, drawings are made and all engineering systems are described (water supply, gas pipelines, electrical wiring are designed). As well as methods for introducing them into the building.

If it is planned to install heating from main gas, then a separate project is ordered and approved accordingly in Mosgaz (or the corresponding service in your region). Low-current systems (security, television, Internet communications) also require separate design.

What does a house project include?

Project documentation is provided on paper in A3 format, in one copy, certified with a blue seal. The project includes two sections: AR (architectural solutions) and KR (constructive solutions).

The composition of the project is as follows:

• project cover;
• title page;
• general project data and specification of the main material of the walls of the house;
• measured floor plans (construction);
• marked floor plans;
• roof plan;
• cuts;
• nodes;
• facades;
• explication of floors, specification of filling window and door openings;
• fragments of the plan;
• ventilation ducts, chimneys.

Pros and cons of custom design

Positive aspects of individual design in private construction:

1. Saving time . There is no need to redo and adjust inconsistencies in the documentation. Construction will proceed systematically, without any incidents;
2. Cost savings . If the type of foundation and the weight of the structure are chosen incorrectly, then everything will have to be redone, and this will increase the cost of construction by at least 50%;
3. Safety . Every detail is taken into account during the design process, so the cottage turns out durable and reliable.

As for the cons:

1. Production time . If the owner of the site orders a complex project for a two- or three-story cottage, then specialists can work with it for several months, since they will have to do a lot of calculations and research;
2. High price . Perhaps the most significant negative point. Depending on the complexity, the cost of an individual project can be 50 or 100 thousand rubles, and this is not the limit.

Passion for the project: standard or individual

This is the first point to consider. If we talk about benefits, then the standard option is financially extremely attractive. But it is completely devoid of designer “frills”. Although, if the owner wants to make a couple of adjustments, they will be happy to accommodate him. You just need to be completely confident in the correctness of your choice, so sometimes it doesn’t hurt to consult with specialists.

An individual project allows the owners’ imagination to run wild so that your home can become the most original and terribly unique. If on the way you meet an extremely conscientious architect, then no one will doubt his exclusivity. Another advantage of a special project will be the opportunity to take into account even the strangest wishes of each member of the household.

But this medal also has a second side, which is not very pleasant. The prices for such individual pleasure are quite high, and there is still a tiny chance of “running into” a pro with low qualifications. And he, having incorrectly calculated the technical characteristics of the building, can bring a lot of troubles, the worst of which may be that the desired house will not last long.

Therefore, usually the scales still tip towards standard projects, and since each building will have to be tied to the area, the services of an architect will be necessary. He will help you correct some design features.

Contents of the document

The entire process of constructing any private house is divided into successive stages :

• the necessary documents for the construction of the building are collected;
• permission for the process must be obtained from various authorities;
• direct construction work is being carried out;
• the house is put into operation;
• The building is registered as a private house.

If you do not obtain a building permit in advance, the constructed house will be considered an unauthorized construction, so if as a result of an inspection it turns out that it contains any low-quality elements or was built in violation of building codes, then such a structure may be forcibly demolished.

For unauthorized construction, you will additionally have to pay significant fines. A project is not required to obtain prior permission, but it is advisable to start creating it yourself. In this case, all construction work will be carried out on the basis of this documentation, so there will be confidence that they are competent and without serious errors.

Based on the design document, it is possible to understand where exactly the building will be located on the site, at what distance from it it is desirable to build other structures, and it is also taken into account whether the requirements and rights of the owners of neighboring sites are not violated.

Project documentation contains information about the size of the house, the number of floors, layout, as well as its location on the site relative to other objects.

You can order it in different options :

• a typical one, which is easy to find in the database of an architectural bureau, and its cost is considered acceptable and low, so each person, based on their own requests, can choose the best option;
• individual, which must be ordered from a specialized design company, usually for 1 sq. m. you have to pay approximately 1.2 thousand rubles, so for its formation on a building whose area is 100 sq. m. m., you will have to pay at least 120 thousand rubles.

Any project document includes sections :

• an explanatory note describing the main features of the future structure;
• land plot layout diagram;
• architectural solutions with the help of which the main elements of the building are formed;
• design and layout decisions;
• information about the engineering equipment used, the use of various measures to ensure fire and technical safety, as well as a list of engineering measures and technological solutions;
• there must be a diagram of the water supply, drainage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems;
• the electrical supply system for the house is provided;
• the sequence and composition of construction work is applied;
• the procedure for organizing the process of demolishing previous structures, if they exist on the site, is being formed.

Due to the complexity of the design documentation, its formation should be carried out exclusively by specialists.

Project components

So, to build a house, paperwork must be carried out according to strict rules. Let's compile the acquired knowledge.

We have to:

• General information about the future structure, site, surrounding infrastructure, reports on geology and geodesy.
• Solutions of a construction, architectural, constructive nature.
• Explanations.
• Links to legislative acts.
• List of resources and materials.
• Calculation part.