Layout of a private house: how to create the basis for a future housing project

• House plan: from drawing to finished project
• How to make a project: preparatory stages of creating a drawing
• What to consider when drawing up a house plan
• Features of drawing up house projects: drawings and plans as the main part of planning
• House project structure: building plan, drawings and dimensions
• List of required architectural drawings of a house with dimensions
• Sectional drawings of a house and images of facades from different sides
• Constructive section: how to draw drawings and diagrams of individual elements
• Engineering section: drawings of rooms and communications
• Security alarm system in house plan drawings
• Related documentation for the project and construction drawings
• Computer programs for house design: reliable assistants in creating projects
• Video: plan for building a house

House plan: from drawing to finished project

For many, a cozy country house is a lifelong dream, where every hour spent alone with nature contributes to relaxation. It is important that housing is not only beautiful, but also comfortable and multifunctional. The realization of a dream begins with the creation of a project, the basis of which is drawings and a house plan , containing a detailed layout and communications diagram. This material will tell you how to properly organize the constructive stage.

Projects of houses and cottages: photos, videos, interesting planning ideas (read more)

Before construction, you need to make a house plan to avoid mistakes that can delay the process for a long time.

What is the layout of a private house

The layout of a house is usually carried out by an architect working on the project in tandem with clients. Its goal is to highlight the rational grain from the plans of future homeowners, as well as to give them attractiveness and functionality.

When developing house plans, it is not enough to formally adhere to the technical specifications. This is a creative work, during which the information received from customers is compiled and reinterpreted in order to ultimately obtain a complete and original project that will emphasize the individuality, impeccable taste and social status of future residents.

House built according to sketch

Of course, any architectural bureau is ready to provide standard house plans that were developed taking into account modern requirements for comfort. But will they suit a particular family, with its individual habits?

House construction plan

- this is a rational dialogue between the architectural bureau and the customers, during which not only the number of storeys of the house and the location of the rooms, but also the final finishing and decoration of the premises are discussed.

It is during such a dialogue that a truly unique and interesting plan for a two-story house can be born, which is designed to bring semantic content to the living space, regardless of its size and location. If such a tandem is not created in the dialogue between the construction company and the customer, then construction turns into the mechanical creation of drawings a la European-quality renovation.

Despite the fact that even planning a one-story house requires quite a lot of time, with a professional, creative approach to the matter you can get a significant reward for patience - a cozy, warm, stylish house that is not only able to comfortably accommodate the whole family, but also cordially to host.

How to make a project: preparatory stages of creating a drawing

Before making a drawing of a private house, you need to decide what its direct purpose will be: whether it will serve as a country vacation spot in the summer or as housing for year-round living for the whole family. The number of household members must also be taken into account. In this case, you need to take into account the lifestyle of family members, their tastes, preferences and hobbies.

Before you start creating a drawing, you need to decide on the number of residents of the house.

If the future inhabitants of the house are adherents of a quiet lifestyle, then the building should be located on an area that is located away from the roadway and neighboring areas. The best place is in the depths of the garden. For open, sociable people, a house can be built at the beginning of the site, exposing the facade of the cottage and the beautiful landscape in front of it. In technical terms, geodetic data obtained by studying the territory are especially important. They will indicate the features of the surface, the composition of the soil and the presence of slopes, which will allow you to create a plan of the area.

How to build your own house: choosing an economical project (read more)

In order for the house design to be streamlined, the process is conditionally divided into stages, which are then displayed in the following sections of the finished house project:

• sketch;
• architectural;
• constructive;
• engineering and technical;
• design or finishing.

Having decided on the location and purpose of the future home, you can begin designing the house. For this purpose, initial sketches are made. If they have basic artistic skills, the owners will be able to do this on their own, even without a special computer program for building a house. Based on the sketches, a basic sketch is drawn up. In accordance with it, all other detailed drawings are prepared and the layout of the future building is determined.

Interior design of a one-story house

If there are not too many funds for construction, you should opt for the construction of a one-story building. Such a construction will be relatively inexpensive and the project will not take a long time to complete. A competent approach to interior design will help create truly cozy housing for your household.

You can examine in detail the finished interior layout of rooms in a private house in the photo.

The basis is a simple rectangular shape. There is a great opportunity to combine a dressing room and a bedroom. This combination will undoubtedly prove very convenient for users.

What to consider when drawing up a house plan

Already at the stage of drawing up a sketch, you need to clearly determine the number of floors, the type of roof, the appearance of the facade and front parts of the house, up to the number of windows, balconies, the presence of a terrace or attic. The preliminary design also involves sketches of the building in longitudinal and transverse sections, which indicate the design features and materials from which the house is supposed to be built.

An example of a drawing of a one-story brick house with an attic floor.

On a note! Experienced designers do not recommend making bedrooms very spacious, since large rooms can contribute to the formation of a feeling of anxiety in their inhabitants. Therefore, bedrooms should be compact and cozy.

Before drawing a house plan, you need to decide on the location of the site and study the orientation relative to the cardinal points. Based on this data, the location of the rooms is determined. Their number depends on how many people will live in the building and how often guests will come for a long time. The placement of premises and the functional purpose of each of them is also an important element.

Projects of country houses: description of design features (read more)

Next, you need to determine which specific rooms will be allocated to family members, and which to guests and employees, if it is planned to form a certain staff. We should not forget about the layout of the premises in which the whole family will gather - this is the dining room, hall or living room.

It is important to take into account the preferences and hobbies of the inhabitants of the house in order to determine the need to include in the layout a gym, swimming pool or sauna, winter garden or greenhouse, library with an office or a spacious workshop.

When drawing up a preliminary design of a house, you need to take into account all the wishes of future residents.

Why is a plan necessary?

The construction of a building begins with a plan. Without it, construction cannot begin, both technically and legally.

The planning and construction of private buildings up to 3 floors inclusive, with no more than 1500 m2 of area, designed to accommodate no more than one family, does not require any permission by law. The owner of the plot has the opportunity to make a sketch of his own building and obtain permission for construction based on it.

When building “for themselves,” the client traditionally chooses the most high-quality and inexpensive solutions. The final price of the buildings, as it turned out, was approximately the same, with a significant difference in quality.

It would seem that everything is simple: we found a good sketch, bought the project and started construction. In order to take steps to create a house construction plan, you need to decide on the following questions:

1. Try to compare the actual area of ​​the site and its area according to the construction plan so that there is no discrepancy. It is imperative to decide how the building will be located in relation to nearby roads and houses.
2. It is necessary to coordinate the construction project with the architectural department of the local government, so that there are no misunderstandings later
3. You need to first find someone who will build the house. When you have one contractor you will need two or three sets of drawings. With your own construction control and hiring subcontractors, you already need four or five sets of drawings.
4. Before choosing a building plan, you need to consult with your contractor about what changes can be made to the design of the future building.

Features of drawing up house projects: drawings and plans as the main part of planning

Having decided on the layout of the house, you need to mentally imagine the life of the family in the building, think through all the elements so as not to miss anything. Therefore, there is no need to rush into creating the final layout of the house. The finished drawings and plans of the house must be as perfect as possible so that the final result satisfies all household members, and the constructed home lasts for the maximum number of years without reconstruction or alterations. The final version of the sketch should be discussed at a family council, taking into account all the details, down to the smallest detail.

First of all, the desired number of floors is indicated in the house plan. It can be a spacious one-story house, a compact two-story cottage, or a luxurious two-story mansion with an attic.

The internal layout shown on building drawings should include the following areas:

• living rooms;
• utility rooms;
• common areas;
• additional extensions.

A one-story house is divided into zones using partitions, as well as placing rooms of the same functionality in one wing. In two-story cottages, bedrooms, guest and children's rooms are traditionally located on the second floor, and on the first there are utility and service premises for common use.

From sketch to drawings

Strict restrictions of the material world force us to give up unnecessary things. The house that will stand on the ground is born on paper and on the screen in new proportions, made of stone, glass and wood. In the sketches you can freely manipulate the space, redo the façade, change the color. The customer will see his house integrated into the landscape of the land plot.

After the work done by the architect, the team of specialists understands how to lay out the layout of the house inside. Calculations no longer require the presence of the customer; he is presented with ready-made engineering solutions and estimates. Changes can and should be made. The sketch is transformed into working drawings. The architect's task at this stage is to coordinate the process of creating a whole from individual parts and functions. Now numbers come first.

House project structure: building plan, drawings and dimensions

Before you make a house project yourself, you need to have a clear idea of ​​what kind of document it is and what sections it consists of. Firstly, it is the main assistant and guide during the construction stage, which will help you create a house according to all the rules, make it reliable, comfortable and functional, and most importantly, safe for living.

An example of a project for a two-story house with a two-car garage.

Note! Building a house without a design is a huge risk. Without comprehensive information about the future home, it is impossible to control all expenses, calculate the required amount of materials and the size of the premises. Chaotic construction can have disastrous consequences in the form of subsidence of the foundation, inconvenient stairs and small rooms.

Secondly, a project is a document that provides control over the quality of construction and the consumption of materials. In the absence of estimate documentation, not only will the quality be low, but the construction itself will be illiquid. It is simply impossible to register such a house as real estate.

The house project consists of two main parts:

• architectural and construction, which includes architectural drawings of facades and detailed construction diagrams indicating dimensions and materials;
• engineering design, usually consisting of drawings of plumbing, sewerage, electrical, heating and ventilation systems.

The classic version of the project with drawings of a two-story house includes the following sections:

• architectural, detailed by floor;
• constructive with a detailed layout of the house;
• electrical wiring plan;
• water supply and sewerage scheme;
• heating and ventilation system installation plan;
• gas installation project;
• project passport and explanatory note.

The main parts of the house project are architectural, construction and engineering design.
On a note! Drawings can be made manually or using special computer programs for online house design.

Details

How to make a house plan with your own hands

To begin building a mansion, you need to design the placement of interior rooms and partitions. The plan drawing must be consistent with the technological process:

• 
  Determine all required dimensions.

• Designation of the axial middle of main walls.
• Drawing of internal partitions for all rooms.
• Accurate placement of door and window openings.

Then draw functional structures:

• Toilet.
• Gas equipment.
• Water supply networks.
• Ventilation pipes.
• Flights of stairs (if they are provided for according to the scheme).
• Load-bearing wall structures.

The boundaries of non-residential rooms are indicated by dotted lines. The height of the room, as well as the number of storeys, will be indicated separately. Next, each individual object is assigned a number, on the basis of which a table will be created. The remaining actions are carried out directly by the architectural department.

Schemes of residential buildings with layout

Before choosing an example project for building a cottage on a private plot, you must definitely decide how many floors there will be in the room. The area, as well as the budget, will depend on this. The purpose of the premises will also play an important role. In some cases, the development area is an excellent argument in favor of building a one-story building.

Project of a house on one floor 8*8 meters

The plan of a residential building and the drawing of a building 8 * 8 meters are extremely in demand in individual construction, and even under conditions of very dense development. This is due to their fairly moderate cost. The plan of a one-story house may vary depending on whether there are basement, garage or attic floors or rooms. If required, you can also include the ground floor.

Plan of a country house 9*9 meters

The limited resources of the land make it possible to place quite large cottages measuring 9*9 meters. The design of such buildings is complete and can also accommodate all the necessary premises according to an individual plan. Construction technology and building materials may be different. When planning, it is important to take into account the layout rules with a floor in the form of an attic or a compartment for storing a personal car.

House layout 10*10 meters

This cottage is suitable for small families. Before you start preparing the layout, you need to take into account how the building will be located on the site, how many residents will live. It is extremely important to take into account the types of heating and water supply, as well as the possibility of adding terraces and garage spaces. Fans of large rooms will definitely appreciate this plan 100%. Large rectangular rooms will meet all the characteristics of individual private construction. We invite you to watch a video review of the layout of a 10*10 meter house.

Two-story house + drawing

The development of a two-story house and its design, if large in size, must be entrusted to an architect. Reasonable placement of rooms makes the building more comfortable. It is necessary to discuss in advance the location of the staircase installation, as well as the location of the room relative to the light sides. Kitchen windows must face the south side. The living room needs to be placed in the west, and the bedroom will always have light if it faces east. It would be nice to put the stairs on the northern side. The location of the cottage relative to the streets also needs to be taken into account. For example, it is important to locate lounges and bedrooms away from noisy highways. You can discuss all the details with the designer.

Drawings of frame houses

The drawing of a log frame includes graphic and text materials, with models of the future construction, as well as their detailed description. You can purchase a ready-made typical project or order a plan for a country house based on your individual request. The frame technology of houses that can be quickly erected consists of two parts - drawings with schematic images, which are important for construction, as well as an architectural passport. A description of the construction of the building and a model of the facade block, which are indicated in the passport, will be required if you need to submit documents to a credit institution to obtain a mortgage. The drawings indicate all the dimensions and layouts of documents that are required to be submitted to a government agency in order to confirm permission to construct a building.

Types of plans for multi-storey residential buildings

Multi-apartment buildings and high-rise buildings occupy 1st place in the practice of housing construction. This is explained by the desire to increase the number of residential premises through dense building on floors and reducing areas for construction.

A one-story house and a plan drawing with dimensions are extremely important (as is the last point), because otherwise there will be a significant increase in the cost of utility networks, and the distance from home to work will become greater. The selection of a load-bearing type structure and the type of planning of the building in volume affect the shape, efficiency and structure of a multi-storey building. Houses may differ in architectural and planning solutions, and the location of the premises will be of great importance. A building plan for many apartments can be of several types.

The sectional one has become the most popular. An excellent example would be five-story buildings that were built 50 years ago. The house has a landing, to which a certain number of apartments adjoin. The sites themselves come in different shapes, and the apartments are like studios, one-room, two-room and three-room. This arrangement usually has a common exit to the floor and a separate entrance. This option is economical and also has excellent apartment insulation. The number of entrances can be 4-12, in some cases up to 16. Their number will depend on:

• 
  Land areas for development.

• Soil structure.
• Customer's wishes.

A type of sectional panel housings is considered to be point placement. They are also called a tower, which can have a similar floor plan as with a sectional building. But here there is only one entrance, for example, if a small area is allocated for the construction process, and it has complex terrain, this plan will be an excellent option. Houses of a different corridor type cannot be found very often. The difference here is that instead of a staircase landing, a long corridor has been built into which all apartments will open.

Please note that the apartment orientation here is one-sided - the main disadvantage of this arrangement, and the insulation is also not at the highest level. For this reason, a similar scheme is usually found in the construction of hostels and hotels.

Gallery-type houses are somewhat similar to corridor houses. Each apartment has access to a gallery, which is located along the longitudinal structural wall. Such apartments, even with a minimal area, are well ventilated. Economically, this arrangement is extremely profitable, because it allows servicing many apartments using a small number of stairs or elevators. Still, the technological process of thermal insulation in harsh local climates is not always characterized by excellent quality and service life.

List of required architectural drawings of a house with dimensions

Architectural and construction drawings require the indication of exact dimensions and contain characteristics of the general parameters of the house, individual buildings, structures and their parts. Detailed plans for each floor are included here, providing for the placement of living rooms and utility rooms. The area of ​​all elements, the height of ceilings, and the location of openings for windows and doors are indicated.

For example, drawings for a two-story house with an attic in the architectural and construction section are arranged in the following order:

• basement plan;
• ground floor plan;
• second floor plan;
• attic plan.

Also in this section there should be a plan for the roof truss structure. To draw a drawing, it is necessary to depict the complete system of structural elements of the floors in section. The table attached to the drawing indicates the specification of the parts of the roof truss structure, a complete list of the range of materials and their quantity. The roof plan is drawn up separately, it indicates the shape, dimensions, roof pitch and angles of inclination, as well as the location of ventilation outlets, dormer windows, hatches, and attic windows.

Basement floor plan, where 1 is a hall, 2 is a recreation room, 3 is a furnace and laundry room, 4 is a vestibule, 5 is a storage room, 6 is a storage room, 7 is a bathroom, 8 is a sauna, 9 is a gym, 10 is a terrace.

Drawings of private houses must include several sections indicating all the elements of the structure along or across. They are performed sequentially from the roof to the foundation. Thus, the cross-section shows the dimensions and location of the floor, all ceilings and roof. There should be five similar cuts made from different sides.

Modern private home: how to express individuality in the era of eclecticism

In accessible language, we live in a time when our society has not yet formed its own, individual style that corresponds to the general spirit of the era. Today, the layout of a one-story house cannot be done without referring to the historical architectural heritage, without mixing elements of various styles and trends from all times. The house plan with an attic, popular today, is direct evidence of this.

Classic private house

Of course, not every customer is sufficiently knowledgeable in the field of architectural trends, so there are often situations where the general style chosen by the customer is strict classicism, and the interior decoration is done in the Baroque style - the interior includes heavy wooden furniture, massive facades, luxurious decorative elements. This combination of styles in the project will certainly surprise the customer who sees the sketches for the first time.

Important! To ensure that the layout of a 10 by 12 house does not confuse customers with its clumsiness, the dialogue between future homeowners and the authors of the project should be conducted in a language that is understandable to both parties.

Sectional drawings of a house and images of facades from different sides

It is impossible to draw a house project without depicting all the facades, which clearly demonstrate the external state of the front entrance, rear and side views. Thus, there should be four sheets where it is necessary to draw drawings depicting:

• front facade;
• side facade No. 1 (right side);
• side facade No. 2 (left side);
• facade of the back of the house.

A house elevation drawing actually displays the original sketches and outline plan of the building. It can be easily created using special computer programs, therefore, before drawing a house project, you need to think carefully about everything, consult with specialists in various fields in construction and coordinate all the details with family members. The final version should please everyone in the household.

Brick house projects: interesting ideas and solutions (read more)

After the drawings of the facades, a separate list in the table indicates the specification of the elements of carpentry - doors and windows, and the method of opening them is taken into account. For each product, clear shapes and parameters are indicated, the presence and quantity of glass is determined. A two-story house can have up to three dozen types of such products.

Drawings depicting the facade of a two-story house from different sides.

On a note! You can create a project for a small two-story house by analogy with apartment drawings. The first floor is based on the plan of a two-room apartment, and the second floor includes a bedroom, two guest rooms and an additional bathroom.

Stage one. Preparation for construction

Oddly enough, preparation for building a house can often take longer and consume more of your energy than the construction itself. The main problem with incorrect planning is that mistakes made during this stage can negatively manifest themselves much later, including only during the operation of the house. So how do you properly prepare to build a house from scratch?

The first thing we pay attention to is the choice of land. Let's start from the opposite, namely, from the mistakes that many encounter when choosing land for their home through various agencies.

First you need to pay attention to what communications are connected to the site. It is most important. Not all agencies have accurate information about utilities, so you need to contact the management company. If possible, with the company's permission, conduct your own geological surveys. It's inexpensive and pretty fast. However, such studies will help you know exactly at what depth the groundwater is located, what kind of soil is on the site, etc.

But this is good for the company - after all, no one canceled the specialists. But what will the neighbors who have already built nearby tell you about the site? Whatever one may say, no one will tell you as much about the area as the people living there. Also, a conversation with potential neighbors will eliminate various kinds of concealment of the truth on the part of the agency, whose main goal is to quickly sell you a plot.

What do we pay attention to when choosing a site?

As for the basic things, everything is simple here. When choosing a site, pay attention to the following things:

• Are there slopes on the site? It would seem that even the smallest slope can significantly increase construction costs. Retaining walls, additional methods to prevent tilting and collapse. In general, this is an important point. Don't miss it. It is best to try to choose an area that has no noticeable irregularities at all;
• It is best to look after the site in club villages, as in the future this will save you from a bunch of everyday problems: cleaning the street, clearing snow, etc.;
• If on the site that you are going to purchase, construction has previously been carried out, but for some reason it was frozen, we advise you to carefully consider the possibility of abandoning this land. The fact is that this state of affairs will force you, when building a private house with your own hands, to focus on the project that someone else has already begun to implement. What if it’s bad in itself or you just don’t like it? Yes, it will be possible to build something close to your plans onto the foundation, but there are still many pitfalls. So it's better not to take risks;
• After purchasing a plot, you should immediately erect reliable fences or, if such a service is provided by an agency, order it;
• On the purchased plot, even before the construction of the house begins, several important areas should be allocated for construction waste, concrete work, and possible burning of small waste. The success of any construction work lies in order. Moreover, as is known, the combustion products of the same concrete greatly harm the earth.

Constructive section: how to draw drawings and diagrams of individual elements

The structural section is an already detailed part of the project, which contains both general and individual data, various layouts of building elements: foundation, staircase structures, floors, trusses. Also included in this part are detailed drawings of all components, which indicate the specifics of products and materials.

The cross-sectional drawing of the foundation deciphers the dimensions of the strip fortifications of the house, the depth of their occurrence and the materials that are necessary for their construction.

The image of the foundation is presented in the form of the following plans and drawings:

• general foundation plan;
• longitudinal section diagrams;
• cross-sectional drawings.

Certain types of drawings provide a cross-section of floor slabs, their longitudinal and transverse sections at different elevations:

• overlap plan at point +0.00;
• at + 3.00;
• at an altitude of +6.00.

At the constructive stage, layout plans for the foundation, floors, and trusses are made.
Assemblies of structural parts are objects of a special structure, including stairs and flights both outside and inside the premises. Accurate calculations for strength and static strength are also given here.

This section of the project contains in separate tables the characteristics and sequence of use of materials, in particular:

• steel reinforcement;
• reinforced concrete elements;
• wooden crossbars.

Engineering section: drawings of rooms and communications

The engineering section contains diagrams and drawings of electrical supply, water supply, sewerage, ventilation and heating systems. Explanation tables include data on equipment specifications and general calculations. These are separate components of the building located inside the future home.

Project of a 6x8 country house with an attic: (read more)

The plumbing section contains a plan for the location of communications in the basement and on each floor. The sewerage system diagram is carried out in a similar manner. Sometimes these two plans are depicted in one drawing. There is also an axonometric diagram of the installation of cold and hot water supply.

Drawings of electrical supply, water supply, sewerage, ventilation and heating systems are prepared at the engineering stage.

The heating installation section presents floor-by-floor drawings, starting with the basement, and a general heat supply diagram for the entire house. Gas equipment and electrical supply systems are shown in separate drawings with individual layout diagrams of gas and electrical installations.

In order to prevent thunder danger, it is necessary to include the installation of a lightning rod in the modeling of houses, since the absence of such protection can not only lead to destruction, but also pose a threat to the life and health of the inhabitants of the house. The installation of a lightning rod is carried out according to a separate scheme with the involvement of qualified specialists.

Private home: health and safety

Another advantage of individual construction

is the independent selection of all materials that will be used in the construction and decoration of the house. This point is extremely important, since unscrupulous manufacturers may use harmful raw materials with an increased background radiation. You need to be especially careful with varnishes and paints. Living in such a private house is fraught with health problems.

Simple negligence by builders can result in radioactive granite, gypsum, gravel or even sand ending up on a construction site. Therefore, for interior decoration it is better to choose materials such as labradorite, gabbro, etc., which have a low radioactive background.

How to check the safety of a private home?

Of course, in construction you need to use only certified materials that have been tested by environmental services. There are specialized companies that carry out radiation measurements using radiometers, Geiger counters and dosimeters, but you can check the degree of danger yourself - these portable devices are available for free sale.

Important: Before paying for any construction or finishing materials that will be used in the construction of your dream home, carefully check the entire package of accompanying documents: test results, state license for production and sale, hygienic and certificate of conformity.

The presence of substances that pose a danger to human life and health must be indicated in the statement of the chemical analysis (this document is an appendix to the certificates).

In addition, building materials from individual manufacturers have special markings indicating the environmental safety of the products.

When building a private house, special attention should be paid to finishing materials, since it is this decorative beauty that can be truly poisonous. Thus, harmful substances can be contained not only in paint and varnish products, but also in vinyl wallpaper from some manufacturers, laminate and linoleum made from synthetics, stretch ceilings and ceramic tiles, plastic, decorative elements, etc.

Remember: Under no circumstances should you use materials containing formaldehyde or acetone, benzene or phenol-formaldehyde, toluene or dioxins, phenol, xylene or toluene in your home decoration. These substances are lethal to humans when heated strongly. For example, if the house is decorated with foam plastic sheets, then in the event of a fire a person will only need to inhale the vapors emanating from this material a few times to become poisoned.

It should also be remembered

, that materials intended for external decoration are not recommended for use for interior decoration: facade plaster or paint can emit maximum permissible levels of harmful fumes into the atmosphere.

Security alarm system in house plan drawings

Before you design a house yourself, you need to consider the need to install additional systems, for example, a security alarm. Its design is the development of a separate plan that provides for the structure of a network of engineering devices. The main goal is to provide varying degrees of protection for construction projects. Drawing up security system drawings for a home is an individual process, as it involves the operation of the alarm system in specific conditions.

When creating such a project, it is necessary to take into account a number of rules and regulatory requirements. In particular, when drawing up drawings, you should act in accordance with SNiP standards and other technical documents.

Key factors to consider:

• the purpose of the premises, according to which equipment of a certain complexity is selected;
• the area of ​​the object that is subject to protection, as well as the features of its architecture and design;
• determination of the type of alarm, which can be wired or wireless.

A diagram of the location of security sensors, where the opening sensor is marked in yellow, motion in red, glass breaking in green, reader in blue, siren in blue, motion detection zone in pink.
The alarm project plan is subject to mandatory approval by the relevant organizations, and only after that detailed drawings of the house security system are drawn up.

Not everything alike is equal

Even if you are involved in mechanical engineering drawings, this does not mean that tomorrow you will be able to quickly and easily, inhaling and exhaling, draw a floor plan, to which the architectural department of your local municipality will not make any claims.

Why? Judge for yourself. It is enough for you, out of habit, to once indicate the size in millimeters, and the entire titanic work called “designing a house yourself” will deservedly be refused approval. Because in construction drawings all dimensions are indicated in meters!

By the way, the same thing will happen if dimension lines with an arrow appear on the working drawings of a house project, which you hardly need to do yourself. Because the arrows are not inclined lines, as required by the dimensional lines of construction drawings.

In general, symbols are a separate matter. Often on Internet projects offered for free or inexpensively you can see this... For example, a couple of thin lines in the place of the window opening of a house that will be built in... Magadan. But in this climate zone, no one will allow installation of less than 5-chamber glazing. This means that there should be no two lines in the window symbols.

Related documentation for the project and construction drawings

A construction project is not only a set of sketches, drawings and tables, it contains detailed information about each of the stages of construction and individual areas of work. This allows us to ultimately obtain a complex capital construction.

On a note! It is fundamentally important to locate the children's room next to the parents' room, so that when the child has the slightest need, the parents are nearby. If at the time of construction there are no children in the family yet or they are still small, you need to think in advance about the presence of a special playroom or area. If space allows, then several rooms can be allocated for children's games.

Each project, in addition to the drawings already listed, must include the following documents:

• architectural and structural characteristics;
• description of the functionality of the building;
• technical and economic data such as area, cubic capacity, height;
• description of engineering solutions;
• types, list and quantity of construction and finishing materials.

Guided by the project, you can organize the construction process, establish the sequence of work and determine financial costs.
The architectural passport contains a copy of the designer's license, an explanatory note, facade colors, floor plans, axial sections and a roof plan.

The main differences between individual construction and standard private house projects

Surely every reader has at least once seen brand new, identical to each other, small, cozy houses located along a suburban highway. These are cottage villages built according to standard, unified designs.

On the one hand, such houses are time-tested and universal. The implementation of such a project, provided that it is entrusted to professionals, will not take much time and will not hit your pocket hard. In addition, the standard project already includes a plan for the location of residential and technical premises, as well as the distribution of communications.

Cottage village

The advantages of standard construction include the following factors:

• affordable cost of project implementation;
• short deadlines for construction and finishing works;
• a wide range of ready-made projects, allowing you to save development time;
• the ability to refine and slightly adjust the finished project in accordance with the wishes of customers;
• changing the interior, interior decoration.

Individual construction

– this is an opportunity to realize even the most daring ideas, create a unique, original facade of the house, as well as arrange the interior spaces in accordance with the needs of each family member, with their taste preferences in interior design. In this case, planning an 8 by 8 house, like any other, will take a little longer.

As a rule, individual projects attract future owners of private houses due to their uniqueness - only one house is built according to such a project. In addition, at the project development stage, all customer wishes are taken into account, even the most daring ideas are realized, which allows us to avoid further redevelopment of residential premises, as could happen with a standard project. Every detail of a future private home can be thought out in advance in order to quickly turn a well-designed project into reality.

Computer programs for house design: reliable assistants in creating projects

Modern computer technologies allow you to quickly visualize all your desires and depict the home of your dreams. Moreover, thanks to special programs, you can independently carry out 3D design of your home. Even inexperienced users can do this using, for example, Google SketchUp. In this service you can design both residential and commercial premises.

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Using an online house plan, right in your browser, you can create models of buildings indicating the exact dimensions and even the texture of materials. Offline programs require downloading and installation on a PC, so the computer must have sufficient RAM.

The house designer allows you to design a virtual luxury cottage or small country house using individual samples and details. Such programs make it possible not only to design different models, but also to create a list of materials and parts required for purchase, and even calculate the approximate cost of the project.

Using computer programs, you can easily design a house yourself.

Popular electronic products include AutoCAD and KOMPAS-3D. These are universal programs that can be used to create house and interior designs. Their main drawback is their high price. Cheaper but less functional is Ashampoo Home Designer - this is an ideal choice for beginners in the design business.

Drawings of private houses are the main element in a construction project. Not only the reliability of the structure itself, but also the service life of communications and housing support systems depends on their correct implementation, which makes it durable, comfortable and cozy for a family to live in. Therefore, you should approach the issue of creating drawings as carefully and responsibly as possible.

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Main types of private house projects

Architectural solutions used in modern construction make it possible to implement a lot of ideas. So, along with private houses built on separate plots, today it is possible to build:

• Private houses with double walls:
  the integrity of the plots with this construction technology is not compromised, but the houses are designed for several owners. This construction technology will allow you to save on the construction of the foundation and load-bearing side walls.
• Townhouses:
  multi-level private houses designed for several owners, the living spaces of which have individual entrances. That is, neighbors do not constantly intersect, as happens on the staircases of ordinary apartment buildings. This construction technology came to us from the West and is rapidly gaining popularity.
• Duplex houses:
  private multi-level houses in which each owner has a separate floor. Construction in this case can be called shared construction. Each of the owners of such real estate will be able to save money, since the external walls, foundation, roof and basement are common, and accordingly, the costs of their construction are also divided equally.

Of course, these construction options are in many ways inferior to a private house, the design of which was created individually.

Private brick house